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Genesis
2:15 - 3:21
With thanks to page sponsor: First Congregational Church - UCC,
Jackson, Michigan
 | Reading the Text:
 |
NRSV (with link to Anglicized NRSV) at Oremus Bible Browser.
|
|
The Bible Gateway: NIV, NASB, CEV, The Message, KJV, etc. |
| The Blue Letter Bible.
KJV, alternate versions, Hebrew text with concordance, commentaries. Chapter 3. |
| The World
Wide Study Bible includes commentary, exposition and sermons. Chapter 3. |
| Bereshit
2: Massoretic, Hebrew, Aramaic, JPS. |
| Bereshit
3: Massoretic, Hebrew, Aramaic, JPS. |
|
| Historical References, Commentary and
Comparative Texts:
|
Navigating the Bible: Text/Rabbinic commentary
and Divrei Torah. |
| Comparative World Scriptures from United Communities
of Spirit:
|
|
Chapter VI of The
First Epistle to the Corinthians,
Clement of Rome (ca.
96). |
|
Chapter CII,
Dialogue With Trypho,
Justin
Martyr. (c 160) |
|
Chapter VII, Discourse
to the Greeks,
Tatian.
(c. 170) |
|
III.XXIII.3, 5,
IV.X.1,
IV.XL.3,
V.XV.4,
V.XVII.1,
V.XX.2,
V.XXI.1,
V.XXIII.1, Adversus
Haereses,
Irenaeus of Lyons.
(c. 180) |
|
Exegetical
Fragments. (XIV - mistyped as "XVI" on the document)
Irenaeus (c.180) |
|
Chapter II,
Chapter X, Adversus
Judaeos,
Tertullian
(c. 198) |
|
Chapter
XXII, On Prayer,
Tertullian
(c. 199) |
|
II.10, Paedagogus,
Clement of Alexandria (c 200) |
|
III.17,
II.23, Stromata,
Clement of Alexandria (c 200) |
|
Chapter
V, On Patience,
Tertullian
(c. 202) |
|
I.6, On
The Apparel of Women,
Tertullian (c.
202) |
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Chapter III,
Chapter XXXI,
Against Hermogenes,
Tertullian (c.
205) |
|
Chapter V,
Chapter
VIII,
Chapter XI,
On The Veiling of Virgins,
Tertullian (c.
205) |
|
I.2, To
His Wife,
Tertullian
(c. 206) |
|
II.4,
II.25, Against
Marcion,
Tertullian
(c. 208) |
|
Chapter XI,
Chapter XXI,
Chapter XXXVIII,
Chapter XLIII,
Chapter XLV,
Chapter L,
On the Soul,
Tertullian
(c 210) |
|
Chapter
V, Exhortation to Chastity,
Tertullian
(c. 210) |
|
Chapter
VII, On the Resurrection of the Flesh,
Tertullian
(c. 211) |
|
Exegetical Fragments,
Hippolytus (c
211). |
|
Chapter
XVI, Against Praxeas,
Tertullian
(c. 213) |
|
Chapter
IX, On Monogamy,
Tertullian
(c. 215) |
|
Chapter VI, On
Modesty,
Tertullian
(c. 217) |
|
III.II.1,
II.VI.3, First
Principles (De Principiis),
Origen.
(c.225) |
|
V.XV,
VI.XXX, The
Refutation of all Heresies (Philosophumena),
Hippolytus of Rome.
(c. 225) |
|
VI.XLIII,
VI.XLVII,
VI.LXIV,
VII.XXVIII,
VII.XXXIX,
Against Celsus,
Origen.
(c.246) |
|
X.14,
XIV.19, Commentary
on the Gospel of Matthew,
Origen. (c.247) |
|
On the
Dress of Virgins,
Cyprian
of Carthage (c. 249) |
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On the
Advantage of Patience --
Cyprian
of Carthage (c. 256) |
|
Part 3,
Part 6, On the Incarnation of the Word,
Athanasius of Alexandria, c. 318. |
| From
Calvin's
Commentary on Genesis.
Chapter 3. |
| From the Geneva Notes.
Chapter 3. |
| From
Matthew Henry's
Commentary.
Chapter 3. |
| The Seed of the
Woman, and the Seed of the Serpent: sermon by George Whitefield. |
| From
Wesley's Notes.
Chapter
3. |
| On the Fall of Man
(Gen 3:19). Sermon by John Wesley. |
| From the
Commentary on the Whole Bible
(Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, 1871).
Chapter 3. |
| "Christ
the Conqueror of Satan: Genesis 3:15," Charles H. Spurgeon, 1876.
 | "Last of all, let us resist the devil always with this belief that he has
received a broken head." |
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| Contemporary References, Commentary and
Comparative Texts:
|
Comments
(commentary) and
Clippings
(technical notes for in-depth study), Lent 1, Chris Haslam, Anglican
Diocese of Montreal. |
|
Commentary,
(Lent 1), Background, Insights from Literary Structure, Theological
Message, Ways to Present the Text. Anna Grant-Henderson, Uniting Church
in Australia.
| "What this story does tell us
about God and humanity is, that God provides the creation for humans
to live in along with the animals." |
|
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Genesis
2:15-17; 3:1-7 (Lent 1), Studies on Old Testament texts from Series A, Ralph W.
Klein, Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago. |
|
The Old Testament Readings
(Lent 1A): Weekly Comments on the Revised Common
Lectionary, Howard Wallace Audrey Schindler, Morag Logan, Paul Tonson, Lorraine Parkinson, Theological Hall of the Uniting Church,
Melbourne, Australia.
|
"The reading set for today (Gen 2:15-17; 3:1-7) is only a portion of
the larger story of Eden (Gen 2:4-3:24) and can only be understood
in that larger context." |
|
| Environmental/earth-centered
reflections, from the Episcopal Diocese of Minnesota Environmental Stewardship
Commission. |
|
"Eden: A Moral Landscape," study guide, Robert B. Kruschwitz, (other resources at)
"Moral Landscape of Creation," Christian Reflection, The Center for Christian
Ethics at Baylor University, 2001. |
|
"Naked and Not Ashamed," study guide, Robert B. Kruschwitz, (other resources at)
"Pornographic Culture," Christian Reflection, The Center for Christian
Ethics at Baylor University, 2002. |
|
Progressive Bible Study, Genesis 2:15-17; 3:1-7, Pastor Dan,
Street Prophets, 2008.
|
"...the words 'fall' and 'sin' never appear in the text. Nor, for
that matter, do the words 'evil,' 'seduction,' or 'bad snake.'" |
|
|
"Is Genesis 3 a Fall Story?" Terence E. Fretheim, Word &
World, 1994.
| "The word 'fall'
is not found in Genesis 3..." |
|
|
"Creation
and Fall,"
Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible
Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources. Includes detailed
textual notes. |
| "The 'Fall'
- A Second Look: A Literary Analysis of Genesis 2:4 - 3:24," Dennis R. Bratcher,
Christian Resource Institute.
| "Sin understood as
relational in nature and the result of infantile selfishness carried to
its conclusion leaves the possibility open that relationships can be
restored and that spiritual wholeness and maturity are actually
attainable." |
|
|
"The
Fall," Larry Broding's Word-Sunday.Com:
A Catholic Resource for This Sunday's Gospel.
| "The fall of Adam and Eve is a template
for the sins we all commit. Yet in the cycle of temptation-sin lies a
glimmer of hope. The possibility that the cycle can be broken." |
|
| "The Fall
of Man," from the Biblical Studies Foundation. |
| Parshas
Bereishis, Divrei Torah from The Project Genesis Torah Study. Index to
numerous Orthodox articles and studies on Genesis 1:1 - 6:8. |
| "The
Meaning of Man: His Duty and His Delight," from the Biblical Studies Foundation. |
|
Genesis 2:18-24 (Pentecost 17), Studies on Old Testament texts from Series B, Ralph W.
Klein, Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago. |
|
"Serpentine
Hermeneutics," Expository Essay, Dr. William R. Long.
Part 2. |
|
"Pentecost
20B - Exegetical Notes on Genesis 2:18-24,"
Douglas MacCallum Lindsay Judisch, Concordia Theological Seminary
(Indiana).
| "In biblical culture the leaving and cleaving
of verse 24 would not necessarily involve a physical move, much less a
desertion of filial responsibilities. The point is, rather, that
marriage constitutes a distinctly new building-block of the human race
in which the man and woman are committing themselves to obligations
involving inseparability which a child does not owe to his parents." |
|
|
| Articles & Background:
|
"Eden: Moral Power of a Biblical Landscape," Theodore Hiebert,
(other resources at)
"Moral Landscape of Creation," Christian Reflection, The Center for Christian
Ethics at Baylor University, 2001.
| "The most familiar
of all biblical landscapes, the Garden of Eden, offers wisdom to
reshape our values toward nature. No other story in our religious
heritage so clearly shows that we are linked to our landscapes and
that our work is to be in the service of nature’s needs and orders." |
|
|
"The Stewardship of Creation," Russell A. Butkus,
(other resources at)
"Moral Landscape of Creation," Christian Reflection, The Center for Christian
Ethics at Baylor University, 2001.
| "Viewed through
the lens of Scripture, the environmental crisis is best understood
as creation-in-crisis, which elevates the significance of our
situation to the very heart of God. We are called to have dominion
over the earth; this does not mean to exploit, but to exercise care
and responsibility for God’s domain particularly in the interest of
those who are poor and marginalized." |
|
|
"Becoming Better Gardeners," Teresa Morgan, (other resources at)
"Moral Landscape of Creation," Christian Reflection, The Center for Christian
Ethics at Baylor University, 2001.
| "Not only must
Christians engage in careful theological reflection on the Christian
theology of creation, we must act on our responsibilities." |
|
|
"Rethinking the Interpretation of Genesis 2.4B - 3.24," Lyn M. Bechtel,
from A Feminist Companion to Genesis, ed. Athalya Brenner, 1993. |
|
Lilith Pictures:
With Adam and Eve. |
| "The
Life of Adam and Eve: The Biblical Story in Judaism and Christianity," a fine
comprehensive site on Genesis 1-3 by Gary A. Anderson of The University of Virginia, and
Michael E. Stone of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. |
|
"Adam
and Eve," a discussion between Robert Alter, Father Alexander
A. DiLella O.F.M., and Kenneth A. Mathews at Genesis Reconsidered
by Time.com. |
|
"Temptation,"
program highlights, discussion & reflection questions and more from the Bill Moyers
PBS series Genesis: A Living Conversation.
| "'The serpent asks the
Bible's first question and produces the first conversation.' -- Dr. Leon Kass." |
|
| "Eve: Malignant or
Maligned?" Mary Phil Korsak, Cross Currents, 1994/95.
| "I invite you to broach the text
as you would a literary masterpiece, rather than as an object for historical analysis, to
listen to it, as you might listen to a piece of music, to be aware of its wholeness and to
be receptive to its suggestiveness." |
|
| "The
Four Rivers of Paradise," Nahum Sarna, Jewish Heritage Online Monthly.
| "While the Tigris and the Euphrates are
of course well known, the other two names defy positive identification.
They may stand for another great river civilization corresponding to that
of the Mesopotamian plain, perhaps the Nile Valley." |
|
|
"A
Portrait of Shame," Margaret B. Hess, The
Christian Century, 1997.
| "Shame creates an amnesia that
clouds the original truth: we are created in the image of God." |
|
| "The
Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowlege: An Extravaganza of the
Imagination," Midrash from Jewish Heritage Online
Monthly, January 2000.
| "In every corner of Gan
Eden there are eighty myriad species of trees, the most inferior of them
being finer than all of the aromatic plants (of this world); and in each
corner there are sixty myriads of ministering angels singing in pleasant
tones. In the center is the Tree of Life, its branches covering the
whole of Gan Eden, containing five hundred thousand varieties of fruit
all differing in appearance and taste." |
|
| "The
First Tear," Midrash in Jewish Heritage OnLine Magazine. |
|
"Justice,
Peace and Integrity of Creation: An Asian Perspective," Dr. Kim Yong-Bock, Hanil
University and Theological School in Chonbuk, Korea, at
Religion OnLine.
| "In this garden the shepherd replaces
the leopards to tend the sheep; and the servant replaces the masters, and
Leviathan is replaced by the Lamb, who is the Sacrificial Lord. In this
way the oppressive political order, unjust exploitation, war for security
and survival, and harmony with the nature will be expelled from the
created order of God, and justice, peace, and integrity of creation will
be fulfilled in the Garden of God." |
|
|
Adam and Eve,
from And Adam Knew Eve: A Dictionary of Sex in the
Bible by Ronald L. Ecker. |
|
"Did She Fall or Was She Pushed?" Susan L. Greiner,
Bible Review,
1999.
| "By blending the original Genesis account with the
noncanonical seduction stories, later authors and artists turned sex into
a sin and Eve into a sexual temptress, the ancestress of witchery, the
root of evil and the cause of the Fall." |
|
|
"Original Sin: A Disputation," by Edward T. Oakes, Associate Professor
of Religious Studies, Regis University of Denver, Colorado.
| "It is my deep conviction that any mitigation of
the doctrine of original sin will prove disastrous for the health of the
Church in the future..." |
|
|
"The
Seduction of Eve and Feminist Readings of the Garden of Eden," Reuven
Kimelman, Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 1998. |
|
"Eve
and Pandora Contrasted," William E. Phipps, Theology Today,
1988.
| "Contrary to prevailing
opinion, there is reason to hold that the myths of Eve and Pandora
are quite dissimilar in original meaning. Our lack of awareness of
this difference has been due to interpreters throughout Western
civilization who have mingled these two stories together." |
|
|
| Articles in
ATLAS Journals. (Direct link when you are
subscribed and logged in to
ATLASerials online collection of Religion and Theology Journals.) Links
specific to the Genesis 2:18-24 text are marked as such:
| Bailey, John A.,
"Initiation and the Primal Woman in Gilgamesh and Genesis 2-3," Journal of Biblical Literature, 1970. (Genesis 2:18-24)
Image Browse -
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| Batto, Bernard F.,
"The Institution of Marriage in Genesis 2 and in Atrahasis,"
The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 2000. (Genesis 2:18-24)
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PDF |
| Bechtel, Lyn M.,
"Genesis 2.4B-3.24: A Myth about Human Maturation," Journal for the
Study of the Old Testament, 1995. (Genesis 2:18-24)
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Beeston, A.F.L.,
"One Flesh," Vetus Testamentum, 1986. (Genesis 2:18-24)
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Biddle, Mark E., "Genesis 3: Sin, Shame and
Self-Esteem," Review & Expositor, 2006.
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PDF |
| Bird, Phyllis, "Genesis 1-3 as a Source for a
Contemporary Theology of Sexuality," Ex Auditu, 1987.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Boer, Roland,
"The Fantasy of Genesis 1-3," Biblical Interpretation, 2006.
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PDF |
| Brayford, Susan A.,
"To Shame of Not to Shame: Sexuality in the Mediterranean Diaspora,"
Semeia, 1999.
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PDF |
| Bricker, Victoria R.,
"The Mayan Uinal and the Garden of Eden," Latin American
Indian Literatures Journal, 2002.
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| Brueggemann, Walter,
"Of the Same Flesh and Bone (Gn 2,23a)," The Catholic Biblical
Quarterly, 1970. (Genesis 2:18-24)
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Burns, Dan E.,
"Dream Form in Genesis 2.4b-3.24: Asleep in the Garden," Journal for the
Study of the Old Testament, 1987. (Genesis 2:18-24)
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PDF |
| Carr, David,
"The Politics of Textual Subversion: A Diachronic Perspective on the Garden
of Eden Story," Journal of Biblical Literature, 1993.
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PDF |
| Charlesworth, James H., "Revealing
the Genius of Biblical Authors: Symbology, Archaeology, and Theology,"
Communio Viatorum, 2004.
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| Clark, W. Malcolm,
"A Legal Background to the Yahwist's Use of 'Good and Evil' in Genesis 2-3,"
Journal of Biblical Literature, 1969.
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| Collins, C. John, "What Happened to Adam and Eve? A
Literary-Theological Approach to Genesis 3," Presbyterion, 2001.
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| Craig, Kenneth M.,
"Misspeaking in Eden, or, Fielding questions in the Garden,"
Perspectives in Religious Studies, 2000.
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PDF |
| deClaisse-Walford, Nancy L., "Genesis
2: 'It Is Not Good for the Human to Be Alone," Review and Expositor,
2006.
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| Detweiler, Robert,
"Speaking of Believing in Genesis 2-3," Semeia, 1988.
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| Dragga, Sam,
"Genesis 2-3: A Story of Liberation," Journal for the Study of the
Old Testament, 1992. (Genesis 2:18-24)
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| Fretheim, Terence E., "Is Genesis 3 a
Fall Story?" Word & World, 1994.
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PDF |
| Gnuse, Robert Karl,
"A Process Theological Interpretation of the Primeval History in Genesis
2-11," Horizons, 2002.
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| Gossai, Hemchand,
"Divine Evaluation and the Quest for a Suitable Companionship," Cross
Currents, 2003. (Genesis 2:18-24)
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| Greidanus, Sidney, "Preaching Christ from the Narrative of the Fall," Bibliotheca Sacra,
2004.
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PDF |
| Hess, Margaret B., "A Portrait of
Shame," The Christian Century, 1997.
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PDF |
| Kass, Leon R.,
"Man and Woman: An Old Story," First Things, 1991.
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PDF |
| Kawashima, Robert S., "A Revisionist Reading
Revisited: On the Creation of Adam and then Eve," Vetus Testamentum,
2006.
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PDF |
| Kennedy,
James M.,
"Peasants in Revolt: Political Allegory in Genesis 2-3,"
Journal for the Study of the Old Testament,
1990.
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PDF |
| Kikawada,
Isaac M.,
"Two Notes on Eve," Journal of Biblical Literature,
1972.
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PDF |
| Korsak,
Mary Phil,
"Eve, Malignant or Maligned?" Cross Currents,
1994/95.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Lanser,
Susan S.,
"(Feminist) Criticism in the Garden: Inferring Genesis 2-3,"
Semeia, 1988.
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PDF |
| Lawton,
Robert B., S.J.,
"Genesis 2:24: Trite or Tragic?" Journal of Biblical Literature,
1986. (Genesis 2:18-24)
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| Layton,
Scott C.,
"Remarks on the Canaanite Origin of Eve," The Catholic Biblical
Quarterly, 1997.
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| Levine,
Nachman,
"The Curse and the Blessing: Narrative Discourse Syntax and Literary Form,"
Journal for the Study of the Old Testament,
2002.
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