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Luke
4:1-13
 | Reading the Text:
|
| Historical References, Commentary and
Comparative Texts:
 | The
Five Gospels Parallels, John W. Marshall, University of Toronto. |
| "He Who
Subjugates Satan," Comparative World Scriptures from United
Communities of Spirit. |
| Stephen Carlson's color-coded Greek Synoptic Parallels. |
|
IV.VI.6,
V.XXI.2,
V.XXII.2,
V.XXIV.1, Adversus
Haereses,
Irenaeus of Lyons.
(c. 180) |
|
Chapter
VIII, On Prayer,
Tertullian
(c. 199) |
|
4:1-4, Mark 1:12-13, Luke 4:1-4,
Matthew 4:5-11/Mark 1:13/Luke 4:5-13. |
| From the Geneva Notes.
 | "Christ, being carried away
(as it were out of the world) into the desert, comes suddenly as if
from heaven, having fasted for forty days and overcoming Satan three
times, and thus begins his office." |
|
| From
Matthew
Henry's Commentary (c. 1700).
| "Christ's being led into the
wilderness gave an advantage to the tempter; for there he was alone,
none were with him by whose prayers and advice he might be helped in
the hour of temptation. He who knew his own strength might give
Satan advantage; but we may not, who know our own weakness." |
|
| From
Wesley's
Notes.
John Wesley
(1703-1791).
| "The wilderness -
Supposed by some to have been in Judea; by others to have been that
great desert of Horeb or Sinai, where the children of Israel were
tried for forty years, and Moses and Elijah fasted forty days." |
|
| From the
Commentary on the Whole Bible
(Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, 1871). |
| From The
People's New Testament, B.W. Johnson, 1891. |
|
| Contemporary Commentary, Studies, and Exegesis:
|
Comments
(commentary) and
Clippings
(technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican
Diocese of Montreal. |
|
"The Temptation,"
Gospel Analysis, Sermons from
Seattle, Pastor Edward F. Markquart, Grace Lutheran Church, Seattle,
Washington. Detailed background and exegesis.
| "Each person has points of
vulnerability to the power of evil." |
|
|
"First
Thoughts on Year C Gospel Passages in the Lectionary: Lent 1,"
William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia.
| "Wilderness was the wild
place, the waiting place, the place of preparation. It also
connected then, as it does now, to very basic spirituality: a place
to grapple with God, a place to learn dependence on nature and its
provisions, a place of extremes or contrasts, of wild beasts and
desert. It is the Lenten space par excellence." |
|
|
"Glory, Kingdom, Power,"
Mary Hinkle, Pilgrim Preaching:
Keeping Company with Biblical Texts and the People Who Hear and Preach Them.
|
"Quoting scripture and praying is not a complicated way of
ringing for a cosmic bellhop. It is a way of being in a relationship with
One whom we do not need to 'put to the test.'" |
|
|
"From
Ashes to Fire," guest essay by Nora Gallagher.
The Journey with Jesus: Notes to Myself, Daniel B. Clendenin, Journey with
Jesus Foundation.
| "I once asked a friend
of mine who is a therapist how to stop projecting onto others my own
fears and weakness, that is, how to love, and she said: 'You must
enlarge your capacity to suffer.'" |
|
|
"Exegetical Considerations,"
1st Sunday in Lent, Richard
Carlson, Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Using Greek for
Sunday Text Preparations.
| "How does this story revolve around the
issue of rank and its (supposed) privileges?" |
|
|
Kairos CoMotion Lectionary Discussion,
Luke 4:1-13, Wesley White. "A place of
conversation regarding Progressive Christianity."
Part 2.
| "O how many opportune
times there are for compromising just a bit on matters of expansive
love, specific justice, and desired peace." |
|
|
"First Sunday in Lent: Luke 4:1-13," For the Renewal of Repentance: The
Lukan Texts for Lent, Gary M. Simpson,
Texts in Context, Word & World,
Luther Northwestern Theological School, 1992.
| "As Reinhold
Niebuhr has succinctly noted, there arises a 'new peril of evil on every
new level of the good' (The Nature and Destiny of Man, vol. 2, p.
316." |
|
|
Laterally Luke, by
Brian McGowan, Anglican priest in Western Australia. |
| Exegetical
Notes by Brian Stoffregen at CrossMarks
Christian Resources.
| "I have seen it happen often
in congregations: They strive for mediocrity and usually reach it.
Is that succumbing to the temptation to give God less than our best?" |
|
|
"Jesus' Sister,"
Sarah M. Foulger,
Stirred by the Light
- Voices of Lent. |
|
Jesus Now,
Lent 1C. Lectionary, study and worship resources from Faith
Futures Jesus Then & Now.
| "The
idea of the hero facing various tests, including temptations to sell out
to the dark side or to embrace a lesser good rather than pursue his high
destiny, is a common theme in folk lore." |
|
|
"Jesus
is Tempted," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible
Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources.
| "Large congregations, powerful
charismatic ministries, hype and energy, 'signs and wonders', are the
surefire elements to gain recognition and succeed in the church-building
game. We put the Lord to the test when we forget that he builds his
church." |
|
|
"When
the Devil Had Finished Every Temptation,"
Jerry Goebel, One
Family Outreach. "Focus on scripture from a justice perspective." Exegesis, study, and teen study
and activities.
| "Jesus knew every and all of our
trials to their fullest extent. He experienced all our emptiness to its
fullest depth. He took all of our sin with all of its horror and rather
than run or recoil he said; 'Father forgive them, they know not what
they do.'" |
|
|
"The Testing of
Jesus," Expository Essay, Luke 4:1-13, Dr. William R. Long.
Part 2.
| "...now that he has endured the test,
as anyone knows who has faced extreme tests in life, he is clothed with
new strength, boldness and confidence. He, as well as we, will need it
as the days of Lent (and his public ministry) unfold." |
|
|
"Settling
for Less," Barbara Brown Taylor, The
Christian Century, 1998.
| "That hollowness we sometimes
feel is not a sign of something gone wrong. It is the holy of holies
inside of us, the uncluttered throne room of the Lord our God.
Nothing on earth can fill it, but that does not stop us from trying.
Whenever we start feeling too empty inside, we stick our pacifiers
into our mouths and suck for all we are worth. They do not nourish
us, but at least they plug the hole." |
|
|
"Antidote for Temptation," Darrell Jodock, The Christian Century,
1995.
| "The antidote that Jesus used in
resisting temptation was a profound understanding of scripture." |
|
|
"God
Can Take the Heat (Mark 1:9-11, Luke 4:1-13)," John C. Purdy.
Chapter 2 of God With a Human Face (1993), republished at Religion
Online.
| "Perhaps Jesus was
tempted with the option of a normal life. Perhaps, like Goethe's Faust,
he was tempted with adventure, beauty, economic power, endless
excitement. The Gospel story seems to invite us to regard the final
three temptations as a kind of final exam, covering all the other
temptations that have been encountered in the course of the forty days." |
|
| Lectionary
Commentary and Preaching Paths (Lent C1), by Jirair Tashjian, at The
Christian Resource Institute.
| ". It is doubtful whether the
devil would have suggested that Jesus turn the stone to bread had
Jesus not been hungry. The source of our temptations is almost
always our own legitimate, normal, natural desires. The desire for
food, sexual intimacy, approval of others is not from the devil.
These are wholesome, normal, legitimate desires. How do they become
sinful?" |
|
|
"Proclaiming the Righteous Reign of Jesus: Luke 4 and the Justice of God,"
David L. Tiede,
Texts in Context, Word & World,
Luther Northwestern Theological School, 1987.
| "The platform
of Jesus' mission and the content of his call to discipleship are filled
with God's passion for the outcast, the poor, the oppressed, and the
lost." |
|
|
"For
Self? Or, For Others?' Larry Broding's Word-Sunday.Com: A Catholic
Resource for This Sunday's Gospel. Adult Study, Children's Story, Family
Activity, Support Materials.
| "When is pride acceptable in others?
When is it unacceptable?" |
|
|
"Not Settling for Pleasure," Lent 1,
Fr. Gerry Pierse, C.Ss.R., from Sundays Into
Silence: Reflections on the Sunday Gospels in the Light of Christian
Meditation. Claretian Publications.
| "If we know where our strong points are
we will also know where our weaknesses lie." |
|
| "Temptation and
Trust," analysis and reflections by Al Jabs, in Sabbatheology by The
Crossings Community of St Louis, Missouri.
| "There are private demons and
collective demons--enemies within and without; but despair now finds a place in our
hearts, as there is never enough bread, never enough power, never enough security. Martin
Luther called it Anfechtung--a despair of the spirit." |
|
|
"Easy Affirmations," Hal W.
LeMert, Jr.. The Christian Century, 2001.
Religion Online.
| "If we test for what we know or
envision, then the god we discover will be only the size of our
certainties, and as dead as our faith. Resurrection invites us into the
mystery of creation and into the presence of the living God. In that
place, even death itself is not a certainty." |
|
| "Current
Trends: The Desert as Reality and as Symbol," Donald Goergen, Spirituality
Today, March 1982.
| "The desert forms us; it ought
not detain us; yet we ought not too quickly reject what history has
taught us it has to offer." |
|
|
| Articles & Background:
|
"Temptation of
Christ," wikipedia. |
| "The
Problem of a Personal Devil and Demons," Bruce Gillette, First
Presbyterian Church in Pitman, New Jersey.
| "Christians do not
"believe in" the devil and demons, personally or otherwise
understood. To believe in means to trust, rely on, serve, obey, find
the meaning of one’s whole existence in relation to the object of
belief. Christians believe in God and only in God...On the other
hand, Christians cannot affirm faith in God without saying something
about the powers of evil." |
|
| From "Examples of Socio-Rhetorical Interpretation in Luke," Dr. Vernon
K. Robbins, at The Encyclopedia of Socio-Rhetorical Interpretation:
|
"Luke
4: Recitation"
| "It is important to observe that
one of the meaning effects of the recitation is that the words in their new context
function like a maxim or proverb. Jesus appears to be presenting 'wisdom' that everyone
should know." |
|
|
"Luke
4:1-2: Reconfiguration"
| "The story of Jesus' testing by
the devil in Luke, then, begins with a situation that reconfigures the situation both of
Moses and Elijah." |
|
|
"Luke
4:8: Recitation"
| "Another form of recitation occurs
when a text is cited with the substitution of different words." |
|
|
|
Jordan
River, article and photos at Walking in Their Sandals, Journey
through the Land of the Bible. |
|
| Articles in
ATLAS Journals. (Direct link when you are
subscribed and logged in to
ATLASerials online collection of Religion and Theology Journals.):
| Achtemeier, Paul J.,
"Enigmatic Bible Passages: It's the Little Things that Count,"
Biblical Archaeologist, 1983. |
| Downing, F. Gerald,
"Psalms and the Baptist," Journal for the Study of the New Testament,
2006. |
| Eisenbise, Debra L.,
"The Desert: Wilderness of Transformation," Brethren Life and Thought,
2005. Sermon. |
| Garlington, Don B.,
"Jesus, the Unique Son of God: Tested and Faithful," Bibliotheca
Sacra, 1994. |
| Hays, Richard B.,
"Clinging to the Word," The Christian Century, 1992. |
| Hester, David C.,
"Luke 4:1-13, Expository Article," Interpretation, 1977. |
| Hornik, Heidi J., "The Baptism of Christ and
Temptations by Michele Tosini: A Lukan Reading," Interpretation,
2007.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Jodock, Darrell,
"Antidote for Temptation," The Christian Century, 1995. |
| Jones, J. Estill,
"The Temptation Narrative," Review & Expositor, 1956. |
| Kesich, Veselin,
"Christ's Temptation in the Apocryphal Gospels and Acts,"
St Vladimir's Seminary Quarterly, 1961. |
| Kesich, Veselin,
"Hypostatic and Prosopic Union in the Exegesis of Christ's Temptation,"
St Vladimir's Seminary Quarterly, 1965. |
| Kirk, Alan,
"Some Compositional Conventions of Hellenistic Wisdom Texts and the
Juxtaposition of 4:1-13; 6:20b-49; and 7:1-10 in Q," Journal of
Biblical Literature, 1997. |
| Koyama, Kosuke,
"'Not by Bread Alone...' How Does Jesus Free and Unite Us?"
Ecumenical Review, 1975. |
| Lemert, Hal W., Jr.,
"Easy Affirmations," The Christian Century, 2001. |
| Morse, Christopher,
"The Temptations of Jesus," Living Pulpit, 1992. |
| Sahl, Joseph G.,
"The Impeccability of Jesus Christ," Bibliotheca Sacra, 1983. |
| Saunders, Daniel J.,
S.J.,
"The Devil and the Divinity of Christ," Theological Studies,
1948. |
| Schiavo, Luigi,
"The Temptation of Jesus: The Eschatological Battle and the New Ethic of the
First Followers of Jesus in Q," Journal for the Study of the New
Testament, 2002. |
| Simmons, Elizabeth McGregor,
"The Sense of Text: An Invitation to Lenten Preaching," Journal for
Preachers, 2004. |
| Simpson, Gary M.,
"For the Renewal of Repentance: The Lukan Texts for Lent," Word &
World, 1992. |
| Taylor, Arch. B., Jr.,
"Decision in the Desert: The Temptation of Jesus in the Light of
Deuteronomy," Interpretation, 1960. |
| Taylor, Barbara Brown,
"Settling for Less," The Christian Century, 1998. |
| Taylor, N.H.,
"The Temptation of Jesus on the Mountain: A Palestinian Christian Polemic
against Agrippa I," Journal for the Study of the New Testament,
2001. |
| Tiede, David L.,
"Proclaiming the Righteous Reign of Jesus: Luke 4 and the Justice of God,"
Word & World, 1987. |
|
| Reviews: |
| Sermons:
|
"What Will
We Choose?" the Rev. Dr. James B. Lemler, Day 1, 2007. |
|
"Satan
Sunday,"
"Isadore Isaac Isin," Pastor Edward F. Markquart, Grace Lutheran Church, Seattle,
Washington. |
|
"Stones into
Bread," Leah Grace Goodwin,
Cambridge Swedenborg Chapel, Cambridge, MA. |
|
"Sugar Cookies, Ice Cream and Popcorn," Pastor Edward F. Markquart, Grace
Lutheran Church, Seattle, Washington. |
|
"In the Thick of
Temptation!" John Jewell, 1998. |
|
"Satan: A Second Look,"
Dean William Willimon, Duke University Chapel Sermon
Archive, 1998. |
|
Father Andrew M. Greeley, "Priest, Author, Sociologist,"
Commentary and Homily:
|
|
| With Children:
|
"The
Temptation of Jesus," Illustrating the Story (lessons, children's
sermons), coloring pages, activity sheets, crafts, children's songs.
MSSS Crafts. |
|
"Temptation,"
Fr. Max Bowers, Kid's Church. |
|
"Three Hard Choices,"
children's story by Larry Broding, word-sunday.com. |
|
"It
Is Written!" The Children's Chapel. |
|
"Jesus Says No to
the Devil," Sunday School
Lessons: Family Bible Study, art projects, music, stories, etc. |
|
"What Did Jesus
Do?" children's sermon, coloring page. Charles Kirkpatrick, Sermons 4
Kids. |
|
Luke 4:10,
memory verse activity, MSSS Crafts and Resources for Bible
Stories. |
|
| Drama:
|
"Beneath the Desert Sun," from A Certain Jesus by
Jose Ignacio and Maria Lopez Vigil. Ideal for catechetical and liturgical
dramatization of today's gospel. Claretian Publications. |
|
| Graphics & Bulletin Materials:
|
Clip Art, Luke 4:7, Fr. Richard Lonsdale, Resources for Catholic Educators. |
| Clip Art Images:
Luke 4:1-13,
Luke 4:1-13 #2,
Temptation of Jesus,
Temptation of Jesus #2, Misioneros Del Sagrado Corazón en el Perú. |
|
Luke 4:1-13, Liturgical Drawing, Maria d.c. Zamora, Claretian
Resources, Philippines. ("Download and use these for
free.") |
|
Luke 4:1-13 at
Cerezo Barredo's weekly gospel illustration.
Liberation emphasis. |
|
Clip Art:
Satan Tempts Jesus, Julius Schnoor von Carolsfeld woodcuts, World Mission
Collection, Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. |
|
| Hymns and Music:
|
Contemporary/Praise Song suggestions, Together to Celebrate,
David MacGregor. |
|
Our Lord, You Were Sent (Jesus' Temptations), original hymn by Carolyn
Winfrey Gillette. Tune: FOUNDATION 11.11.11.11
"How Firm a Foundation". |
| At Digital Hymnal (midi files, guitar chords, karaoke
files, projection text):
|
|
| Fine Arts Images Linked at The Text This Week's
Art Index:
|
| Movies scenes with the following themes,
listed at The Text This Week's Movie Concordance:
|
|
Find Worship Resources & Suggested Other Readings for use
with this text:
|
| Study Links for the Temptation Narratives
in the Other Synoptic Gospels:
|
| Study Links and Resources for the Book of Luke |
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