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Numbers 21:4-9
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 | Reading the Text:
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NRSV (with link to Anglicized NRSV) at Oremus Bible Browser.
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The Bible Gateway: NIV, NASB, CEV, The Message, KJV, etc. |
| The World
Wide Study Bible includes commentary, exposition and sermons. |
| The Blue Letter Bible.
KJV, alternate versions, Hebrew text with concordance, commentaries. |
| BaMidbar
21: Massoretic, Hebrew, Aramaic, JPS. |
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| Historical References, Commentary and
Comparative Texts:
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Navigating the Bible: Text/Rabbinic commentary
and Divrei Torah. |
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Chapter II, The
Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans, Ignatius of Antioch (c. 50 -
115). (Longer Version only - 4th cent interpolation) |
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Chapter XII
of the Epistle of Barnabas.
(ca. 130) |
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Chapter LX,
The First Apology of Justin
Martyr. (c 150) |
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IV.II.7, Adversus
Haereses, Irenaeus of Lyons.
(c. 180) |
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Chapter X, Adversus
Judaeos, Tertullian
(c. 198) |
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Chapter XX, On Baptism, Tertullian
(c. 198) |
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II.22, Against
Marcion, Tertullian
(c. 208) |
| From the Geneva Notes.
 | "...and our soul loatheth
this light bread: Meaning manna, which they thought did not
nourish." |
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| From
Matthew Henry's
Commentary
| "Let not the contempt which
some cast on the word of God, make us value it less. It is the bread
of life, substantial bread, and will nourish those who by faith feed
upon it, to eternal life, whoever may call it light bread." |
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| From
Wesley's
Notes.
| "The serpent signified Christ,
who was in the likeness of sinful flesh, though without sin, as this
brazen serpent had the outward shape, but not the inward poison, of
the other serpents: the pole resembled the cross upon which Christ
was lifted up for our salvation: and looking up to it designed our
believing in Christ." |
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| From the
Commentary on the Whole Bible
(Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, 1871).
| "Disappointment on finding
themselves so near the confines of the promised land without
entering it; vexation at the refusal of a passage through Edom and
the absence of any divine interposition in their favor; and above
all, the necessity of a retrograde journey by a long and circuitous
route through the worst parts of a sandy desert and the dread of
being plunged into new and unknown difficulties--all this produced a
deep depression of spirits. But it was followed, as usually, by a
gross outburst of murmuring at the scarcity of water, and of
expressions of disgust at the manna." |
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| Contemporary References, Commentary and
Comparative Texts:
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Numbers 21:4-9, Lent 4B,
Comments
(commentary) and
Clippings
(technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican
Diocese of Montreal. |
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Numbers 21:4-9, Studies on Old Testament texts from Series B, Ralph W.
Klein, Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago. |
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Numbers 21:4-9, Lent 4B,
Commentary, Background, Insights from Literary Structure, Theological
Message, Ways to Present the Text. Anna Grant-Henderson, Uniting Church in
Australia.
| "A serpent could be a symbol of evil
power and chaos in some cultures while in others it was a symbol of
life, fertility and healing. In Num 21:4-9 it encompasses both these
extremes - a means of death and a way of healing." |
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Numbers 21:4-9, Lent 4B,
The Old Testament Readings: Weekly Comments on the Revised Common
Lectionary, Howard Wallace Audrey Schindler, Morag Logan, Paul Tonson,
Lorraine Parkinson, Theological Hall of the Uniting Church, Melbourne,
Australia.
| "Their faith is proved by their
obedience in following Moses’ instructions and turning toward the
serpent. As they do that, they actually look beyond it and find the
mercy of God." |
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The Attacking Serpents, James Arne Nestingen, The Lenten First Lessons,
Word & World Texts in Context, Luther Seminary, 1985.
| "In response to the complaints, God becomes both the
enemy and the redeemer." |
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"Meaning of the Snake," Larry Broding's Word-Sunday.Com:
A Lectionary Resource for Catholics. |
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Parshah Chukat, text,
commentary, stories, sermons & articles from Chassidic Masters and
others, from Chabad Lubavitch. |
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"A Man of
Peace," Torah Commentary by Rabbi Shai Held. BeliefNet.
| "With Aaron's death, the Israelites
lost their most effective peacemaker." |
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"Snake on a Stick," Patrick J. Willson, The Christian Century,
1994.
| "The simple
equation endures: the cure for snakes is a snake; the cure for human
life is one man's life; the cure for death is death." |
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"Staring Death in the Face," Rabbi Arthur Waskow, The Shalom Center.
| "What cures us from serpents? The cure
is a serpent that we call forth for ourselves , even more deeply 'serpenty'
in its essence than the deadly living snakes." |
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"Hukkat Commentary," Rabbi Michael Graetz, The Shalom Center.
| "'Kedusha' can cleanse us totally, but
if we try to yoke it, to work it, it becomes unfit." |
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| Parshas
Chukas, Divrei Torah from The Project Genesis Torah Study. Index to numerous
Orthodox articles and studies on Numbers 19:1 - 22:1. |
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Numbers 21:4b-9, Holy Cross,
Comments
(commentary) and
Clippings
(technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican
Diocese of Montreal. |
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| Articles & Background:
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"Brazen
Serpents," by
Prof.
Eliezer Segal, University of Calgary.
| "Let the serpent remind you of
this basic truth, that holiness will be achieved through perfecting
your humanity, not by denying it or seeking to transcend it." |
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"The
Bronze Serpent History," T. Hoogsteen, Kerux Online Journal
of Biblical Theology.
| "The only way to overcome the poison, to get
the venom out of the System and out of the heart is to regard the Son of
man, crucified, and rejoice in the completeness of the plan of
salvation." |
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| Articles in
ATLAS Journals. (Direct link when you are
subscribed and logged in to
ATLASerials online collection of Religion and Theology Journals.):
| Joines, Karen Randolph,
"The Bronze Serpent in the Israelite Cult," Journal of Biblical
Literature, 1968. |
| Provençal, Philippe,
"Regarding SRP in the Hebrew Bible," Journal for the Study of
the Old Testament, 2005. |
| Willson, Patrick J.,
"Snake on a Stick," The Christian Century, 1994. |
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| Reviews: |
| Sermons:
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| With Children:
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"God Heals the
People Bitten by Snakes," Sunday School
Lessons: Family Bible Study, art projects, music, stories, etc. |
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"The Bronze
Serpent,"
children's study, puzzles, coloring sheet, etc. Higher Praise Christian
Center. |
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"Oh No!
Snakes!" Jim Kerlin, childrensermons.com. |
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| Drama:
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| Graphics & Bulletin Materials:
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Clip Art: The
Serpent in the Wilderness, Julius Schnoor von Carolsfeld woodcuts, World
Mission Collection, Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. |
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Bronze Serpent,
Clip Art,
Anglican Diocese of Dunedin, New Zealand. |
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| Hymns and Music:
| Hymns, midi files, scores at Blue Letter Bible/Cyber
Hymnal:
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| Fine Arts Images Linked at The Text This Week's
Art Index:
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| Movies scenes with the following themes,
listed at The Text This Week's Movie Concordance:
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| Study Links and Resources for the Book of Numbers |
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