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| |
1 Corinthians
9:24-27
 | Reading the Text:
|
| Historical References, Commentary and
Comparative Texts:
 | "Perseverance
and Patience," Comparative World Scriptures from United
Communities of Spirit. |
|
IV.XXXVII.7,
Adversus Haereses,
Irenaeus of Lyons.
(c. 180) |
|
Chapter III,
Ad Martyras,
Tertullian
(c.197) |
|
III.16,
IV.15,
Stromata,
Clement of Alexandria
(c 200) |
|
V.XLIX,
VII.LII,
Against Celsus,
Origen (c. 246) |
|
Epistle VIII --
Cyprian of Carthage (c. 250) |
| From the
Geneva Notes.
 | "...it was hard for those
who were accustomed to loose living, especially when they pretended the
liberty of the Gospel, to be restrained in these banquets. But on the
other hand, the apostle calls them by a pleasant similitude, and also by
his own example, to sobriety and mortification of the flesh, showing
that they cannot be fit to run or wrestle (as then the games of Isthmies
were) who pamper up their bodies. And therefore affirming that they can
have no reward unless they take another course and manner of life." |
|
| From
Matthew Henry's
Commentary.
| "Those who ran in these
games were kept to a spare diet. They used themselves to hardships. They
practised the exercises." |
|
| From
Wesley's
Notes.
| "How much greater
encouragement have you to run; since ye may all receive the prize of
your high calling!" |
|
| From the
Commentary on the Whole Bible
(Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, 1871).
| "...not as one that
beateth the air--instead of beating the adversary. Alluding to the sciamachia
or sparring in the school in sham-fight (compare 1Co
14:9), wherein they struck out into the air as if at an imaginary
adversary. The real adversary is Satan acting on us through the flesh." |
|
| From The
People's New Testament, B.W. Johnson, 1891.
| "He had spoken of self
denial in order to secure gospel success. He now enforces the need of
sparing no effort, self denial or exertion, to win the crown." |
|
|
| Contemporary Commentary, Studies and Exegesis:
|
Commentary,
1 Corinthians 9:24-27, Karl Jacobson, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2009.
| "The proclamation of the gospel,
be it public or private, in front of an audience or one-to-one, can
be difficult. As Paul says elsewhere it may seem like foolishness
and folly to many who hear it, and this will, from time to time,
reflect back on we who proclaim it. But this is our imperishable
wreath, the life and salvation of those for whom and with whom we
run this race." |
|
|
"First
Thoughts on Passages on Year B Epistle Passages in the Lectionary,"
Epiphany 6, William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in
Australia.
| "Paul's Lord, Jesus, was not a slave of
patterns (or the lord of patterns!) and obsessed with being a lord, but
one who emptied himself, poured himself out." |
|
|
Comments
(commentary) and
Clippings
(technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican
Diocese of Montreal. |
|
"Sports in the Christian Life," study guide for
adults, Robert B. Kruschwitz, (other resources at)
"Sports," Christian Reflection, The Center for Christian
Ethics at Baylor University, 2008. |
|
"Run the Race to
Get the Prize," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible
Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources. Includes detailed
textual notes. |
|
| Articles & Background:
|
"The Agon Topos in Paul and Hellenistic Moralists," Russell B.
Sisson, Queen: A Journal of
Rhetoric and Power. |
| From The Tapestry of Early Christian Discourse:
Rhetoric, Society and Ideology, Dr. Vernon Robbins, London:
Routledge, 1996:
|
1
Corinthians 9: Argumentative texture
| "The key to the
argumentative nature of the opening of the chapter is the
rhetorical force of interrogatio, asking a question as an
emphatic way of making an assertion." |
|
|
1
Corinthians 9: Cultural Intertexture (ex. 1)
| "In the midst of all of
these similarities between Philonic and Pauline discourse, there
is a striking difference in their use of the image of the
slave." |
|
|
1
Corinthians 9: Cultural Intertexture (ex. 2)
| "In the end, then, the
true philosopher submits his own will to the will of God so that
he wills what God wills for him. This is an amazing similarity
with Paul, compelled to preached the gospel but free, because he
freely chooses to endure hardship to offer it free of
charge." |
|
|
1
Corinthians 9: Historical Intertexture
| "Thus, much as Pauline
discourse reconfigures and reconceptualizes the speech of Jesus,
so it reconfigures and reconceptualizes the important historical
episodes in Christian discourse." |
|
|
1
Corinthians 9: Ideology in individuals and groups
| "Underlying my approach is
a presupposition that both fragmented and eclectic
interpretations can be very misleading. In fact, I consider
partial information, at certain levels of interpretation, to
lead to false conclusions." |
|
|
1
Corinthians 9: Narrational texture
| "In summary, one of the
most obvious narrational aspects of 1 Cor. 9 is the presence of
nineteen questions that extend from the opening verse to the
opening statement of the conclusion." |
|
|
1
Corinthians 9: Opening-middle-closing texture
| "On the basis of major
aspects of repetitive and progressive texture in 1 Cor. 9 a
basic opening, middle and closing begins clearly to appear, as
well as basic movement in the middle part." |
|
|
1
Corinthians 9: Sensory-aesthetic texture
| "A key to the discourse is
the manner in which it, in the end, embodies the full range of
the senses it evokes in an image it creates of the `Paul' who
embodies the gospel of Christ." |
|
|
1
Corinthians 9: Social intertexture
| "Dale Martin's
investigation shows, in addition, that many stewards in
Mediterranean society were 'slaves'--middle-level 'managerial'
slaves. The existence of this level of slave calls into question
many previous interpretations of 1 Cor. 9. This evidence
suggests that Paul is not completely demeaning himself, but is
referring to a type of slavery that could, in fact, be a means
to attain upward social mobility." |
|
|
|
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| Garland, David E.,
"The Dispute Over food Sacrificed to Idols (1 Cor 8:1 - 11:1),"
Perspectives in Religious Studies, 2003.
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EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
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| Hullinger, Jerry M.,
"The Historical Background of Paul's Athletic Allusions," Bibliotheca
Sacra, 2004.
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EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
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| Nasuti, Harry P., "The Woes of the Prophets and the
Rights of the Apostle: The Internal Dynamics of 1 Corinthians 9," The
Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 1988.
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| Smit, Joop F.M.,
"The Rhetorical Disposition of First Corinthians 8:7 - 9:27," the
Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 1997.
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| Smit Sibinga, Joost, "The Composition
of 1 Corinthians 9 and Its Context," Novum Testament, 1998.
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| Songer, Harold S.,
"Problems Arising from the Worship of Idols: 1 Corinthians 8:1-11:1,"
Review & Expositor, 1983.
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| Still, E. Coye, III,
"Paul's Aims Regarding EIDWLOTHUTA: A New Proposal for Interpreting 1
Corinthians 8:1-11:1," Novum Testamentum, 2002.
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| Sumney, Jerry L.,
"The Place of 1 Corinthians 9:24-27 in Paul's Argument," Journal of
Biblical Literature, 2000.
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| Willis, Wendell, "1 Corinthians 8-10:
A Retrospective after Twenty-Five Years," Restoration Quarterly,
2007.
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|
| Reviews:
|
Review: John Fotopoulos, Food Offered to Idols in Roman Corinth: A
Social-Rhetorical Reconsideration of 1 Corinthians 8:1 - 11:1. Mohr
Siebeck, 2003. Review by Alex Cheung in The Journal of the Evangelical
Theological Society, 2004. |
| Phua, Richard Liong-Seng,
Idolatry and Authority: A Study of 1 Corinthians 8:1 - 11:1 in the Light
of the Jewish Diaspora. T&T Clark, 2005.
Review
by Scott McClelland, Review of Biblical Literature, 2008. |
|
| Sermons: |
| With Children:
|
"Let the Games Begin!"
Charles Kirkpatrick, Sermons4kids.com. |
|
"Winning
the Race Requires Purpose," Fr. Max Bowers, Kid's
Church. |
|
"The World
Game," Rev. Dr. Edgar Mayer, Lutheran Church
of Australia. |
|
"We Run for a
Crown that Will Last Forever," Sunday School
Lessons: Family Bible Study, art projects, music, stories, etc. |
|
"Running the
Race,"
children's study, puzzles, coloring sheet, etc. Higher Praise Christian
Center. |
|
| Drama:
|
| Graphics & Bulletin Materials: |
| Hymns and Music:
| At Digital Hymnal (midi files, guitar chords, karaoke
files, projection text):
|
|
| Fine Arts Images Linked at The Text This Week's
Art Index: |
| Movies and movie
scenes with these themes:
|
| Study Links and Resources for the
Book of 1 Corinthians |
|
