John 18:1 - 19:42

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• Reading the Text:
  • NRSV (with link to Anglicized NRSV) at Oremus Bible Browser.
  • Greek Interlinear Bible, ScrTR, ScrTR t, Strong, Parsing, CGTS, CGES id, AV. Chapter 19.
  • The Bible Gateway: NIV, NASB, CEV, The Message, KJV, etc.
  • The Blue Letter Bible. KJV, alternate versions, Greek text with concordance, commentaries.
  • The World Wide Study Bible includes commentary & sermons.
• Historical References, Commentary and Comparative Texts:
  • The Five Gospels Parallels, John W. Marshall, University of Toronto.
  • Comparative World Scriptures from United Communities of Spirit:
    • Duty
    • Separation from the World
  • P52: Papyrus Fragment of John 18 & 19: photo, translation, discussion, bibliography.
  • Comparative texts about Sin and Justice from the Mishnah & Babylonian Talmud; primary comparative texts about Food & Fellowship (including "one who serves"), at (Rutgers University Dept of Religion) Mahlon H. Smith's Into His Own: Perspective on the World of Jesus companion to the historical study of Christian texts.
  • "Jesus' Apocalyptic Return," "Crucifixion of Jesus," The Jesus Database, an online annotated inventory of the traditions concerning the life and teachings of Jesus. Dr. Gregory C. Jenks, FaithFutures Foundation.
  • The Gospel According to Peter
  • XLVIII.1-2, 22, 24, 28-32, 35-37, 44, 47-51, 53, 55; XLIX.1-7, 11, 13, 43-46, 48-55; L.23-24, 40, 42-51; LI.1-3, 6, 15-16, 25, 28-29, 31-34,49-51; LII.1-2, 4, 7, 14-20, 25, 31-34; Tatian's Diatessaron (c. 150-160).
  • IV.XVIII.3, IV.XXI.3, IV.XXXIII.2, Adversus Haereses, Irenaeus of Lyons. (c. 180)
  • Chapter VIII, Chapter X, Chapter XIII, Adversus Judaeos, Tertullian (c. 198)
  • Chapter IX, Chapter XVI, On Baptism,  Tertullian (c. 198)
  • Chapter XXII, Chapter XXVI, The Prescription of Heretics, Tertullian (c. 200)
  • Chapter XVIII, Chapter XIX, On Idolatry, Tertullian (c. 211)
  • Chapter XXII, Chapter LI, On the Resurrection of the Flesh,  Tertullian (c. 211)
  • V.4, Against Marcion, Tertullian (c. 212)
  • Chapter XXII, On Modesty, Tertullian (c. 217)
  • III.II.6, First Principles (De Principiis), Origen. (c.225)
  • V.XXI, The Refutation of all Heresies (Philosophumena), Hippolytus of Rome. (c. 225)
  • I.6, I.12, I.23, Commentary on the Gospel of John, Origen. (c.228)
  • X.13, Commentary on the Gospel of John, Philocalia [anthology of Origen prepared by St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen], Origen. (c.230)
  • I.LXI, II.X, II.XVI, II.LXIX, VIII.XXXVI, Against Celsus, Origen (c. 246)
  • X.22, XII.24, XIII.9, XIV.17, XIV.19, Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, Origen. (c.247)
  • Epistle LXIV -- Cyprian of Carthage (c. 249)
  • On the Unity of the Church, Cyprian of Carthage (c. 250)
  • On the Lord's Prayer -- Cyprian of Carthage (c. 252)
  • Epistle LXVIII -- Cyprian of Carthage (c. 254)
  • II.6, VII.25, Ecclesiastical History, Eusebius of Caesarea, (c. 320).
  • From Augustine's Tractates on John: Tractate 112 (18:1-12); Tractate 113 (18:13-27); Tractate 114 (17:28-32); Tractate 115 (17:33-40); Tractate 116 (19:1-16); Tractate 117 (19:17-22); Tractate 118 (19:23-24); Tractate 119 (19:24-30); Tractate 120 (19:31-42; 20:1-9).
  • Chapter XIV, Historia Calamitatusm: The Story of My Misfortunes, Pierre Abélard / Peter Abelard, c. 1140.
  • From the Geneva Notes.
    • "Christ does not neglect the office of a good pastor, not even in his greatest danger."
  • From Matthew Henry's Commentary. Chapter 19.
    • "Let us endeavour to make our accusers ashamed as Christ did; and let us beware of crucifying Christ afresh."
  • From Wesley's Notes. Chapter 19.
    • "It was strange, seeing he was dead, that blood should come out; more strange, that water also; and most strange of all, that both should come out immediately, at one time, and yet distinctly. It was pure and true water, as well as pure and true blood. The asseveration of the beholder and testifier of it, shows both the truth and greatness of the miracle and mystery."
  • Exposition of Luke 23:33-46; John 19:25-30, Charles H. Spurgeon, 1869.
    • "How often, when men say, "I forgive you," is there a kind of selfishness about it! At any rate, self is asserted in the very act of forgiving. Jesus take the place of a pleader, a pleader for those who were committing murder upon himself."
  • From the Commentary on the Whole Bible (Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, 1871). Chapter 19.
    • "What is finished? The Law is fulfilled as never before, nor since, in His "obedience unto death, even the death of the cross"; Messianic prophecy is accomplished; Redemption is completed; "He hath finished the transgression, and made reconciliation for iniquity, and brought in everlasting righteousness, and sealed up the vision and prophecy, and anointed a holy of holies"; He has inaugurated the kingdom of God and given birth to a new world."
  • "The Shortest of the Seven Cries," John 19:28, Charles H. Spurgeon, 1878.
    • "Our Lord, however, endured thirst to an extreme degree, for it was the thirst of death which was upon him, and more, it was the thirst of one whose death was not a common one, for "he tasted death for every man.""
  • From The People's New Testament, B.W. Johnson, 1891. Chapter 19
    • "It would be hard for Pilate to form any conception of a kingdom not of this world, a kingdom of which the subjects did not fight with carnal weapons to defend its king, or to extend its borders. He was a soldier and the representative of a monarch whose power rested on the sword. But such a kingdom was Christ's."
• Contemporary Commentary, Studies, and Exegesis:
  • Commentary, John 18:33-37, Paul S. Berge, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2009.
    • "Jesus' kingship begins with the opening verse of the gospel of John: 'In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God' (1:1)."
  • Comments (commentary) and Clippings (technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican Diocese of Montreal.
  • "A Wise Reign," Kate Huey, Weekly Seeds, i.UCC.org, 2009.
    • "Would people recognize that Jesus Christ is 'king' of our lives?"
  • Preaching the Lesson, O. Wesley Allen, Jr., Lectionary Homiletics sample.
    • "This Johannine text, read on the occasion of the Reign of Christ (just before we start a new liturgical year awaiting the arrival of “newborn king”), is the perfect opportunity for preachers to address the role of the church in the world..."
  • "First Thoughts on Year B Gospel Passages in the Lectionary," Christ the King, William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia.
    • "Jesus spoke unashamedly of the impending reign of God and embodied its reality in his ministry through his behaviour. Visionaries, particularly those who let their visions be the agenda for their lives here and now, inevitably confront the forces which want to control the present and mostly resist change."
  • Exegetical Notes, Christ the King, by Brian Stoffregen at CrossMarks Christian Resources.
    • "It may be that the most important aspect of declaring Christ as King, is not our understanding of Jesus' lordship -- who he is and what he does; but our life with each other under that lordship."
  • "Can a Good Christian Be a Good Citizen? The Reign of Christ the King," The Journey with Jesus: Notes to Myself, Daniel B. Clendenin, Journey with Jesus Foundation, 2009.
    • "The Lord's Prayer, then, just might be the most subversive of all political acts: 'Thy kingdom come, thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.'"
  • Lectionary Blogging, Christ the King, 2009, John Petty, Progressive Involvement.
    • "The two kingdoms--'this world' and Jesus'--occupy the same temporal space.  One is not here while the other is off in the wild blue yonder.  They are both here.  The difference is one of attitude and worldview."
  • Holy Textures, John 18:33-37, Understanding the Bible in its own time and in ours, David Ewart.
    • "...the text today, calls us to live in the midst of an impossible possibility: hearing and belonging to One not of this world but born into this world out of love for this world so that truth-light-love might abide in this world - and they in us."
  • "Light, Food, and Healing," Norb E. Kabelitz, Sabbatheology, The Crossings Community, 2009.
    • "We have been sent by Jesus to be practitioners of the Truth."
  • "Ambiguous Kingdom, Mysterious King," Jeremiah Bartram, Gospel for Gays, 2009.
    • "And finally, Jesus refuses to declare himself a king.  It is we who do this, not he."
  • "Christ the King, Lord of the Land and the Sea" Gospel Analysis, Sermons from Seattle, Pastor Edward F. Markquart, Grace Lutheran Church, Seattle, Washington. Detailed background and exegesis.
  • "Royal Treatment," Mary W. Anderson, The Christian Century, 2003.
    • "It is odd to think that the 20th-century church developed a festival centering on Christ's image as king. In America we are as distanced from the image of "king" as we are from the image of "shepherd." Popular theology is more intrigued with the image of Jesus as CEO--a leadership role, to be sure, but hardly comparable to that of a king with a kingdom."
  • "King of the World," Larry Broding's Word-Sunday.Com: A Catholic Resource for This Sunday's Gospel. Adult Study, Children's Story, Family Activity, Support Materials.
    • "Have your ever day-dreamed about winning the Lotto? Or being king for a day? What would you do?"
  • "Answering Pilate: Truth and the Post-Liberal Church," William H. Willimon, at Religion OnLine.
    • "What can be our defense against tribalism if we permit discussion of the truthfulness of our various claims? The answer is that the truthfulness of any set of convictions is not in their alleged "universality" but in their practical force, the sort of lives they produce."
  • "God Is an Ex-Convict? (John 18 - 19)," John C. Purdy. Chapter 10 of God With a Human Face (1993), republished at Religion Online.
    • "Is it, as popular piety would have us believe, the story of an innocent man set upon by a gang of corrupt officials and a mindless mob? Is it not rather one more enactment of "our daily morality play," with each one dutifully playing his or her assigned role?"
  • Commentary, John 18:1-19:42, Audrey West, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2009.
  • "First Thoughts on Year B Gospel Passages in the Lectionary: Good Friday," William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia.
    • "...the focus is Jesus’ faithfulness to the Father’s commission in offering light and life and truth to people. The work is complete."
  • Holy Textures, Understanding the Bible in its own time and in ours, John 18:1-19:42, David Ewart.
    • "The Judean elites are NOT rejecting "one of their own." They are remembering the peasant revolt that happened a few decades previously when the bumpkins did invade Jerusalem and did appoint one of their own as chief priest, and they are saying a definite, "No way," to that happening again."
  • "First Thoughts on Year A Gospel Passages in the Lectionary: Good Friday," William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia.
    • "What will it be like this Good Friday as we still cope with the aftermath of September 11?"
  • Gospel Analysis, Sermons from Seattle, Mark's Gospel and Parallels Pastor Edward F. Markquart, Grace Lutheran Church, Seattle, Washington. Detailed background and exegesis:
    • "The Passion Story, Part 1 - Anointing, Betrayal, Last Supper"
    • "The Passion Story, Part 2 - Gethsemane"
    • "The Passion Story, Part 3 - Trials, Barabbas"
    • "The Passion Story, Part 4 - Scourging and the Road to Golgotha"
    • "The Passion Story, Part 5 - Crucifixion and Burial"
  • "The Passion of Christ," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources.
    • "In the determined purpose of God, Jesus is lifted up to glory through suffering so that through Jesus we too might be lifted up to glory, to eternal life. This kindness of God in Jesus is for all who believe."
  • "The Perfect Mirror," Barbara Brown Taylor, The Christian Century, 1998. At Religion Online.
    • "One of the many things this story tells us is that Jesus was not brought down by atheism and anarchy. He was brought down by law and order allied with religion, which is always a deadly mix."
  • "First Thoughts on Year C Gospel Passages in the Lectionary," Good Friday, William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia, 2001.
    • "Love is revealed even in the face of suffering (which despite the confidence is real as 12:27 and 18:11 show). The effect is to reveal love and expose hate and so offer a new beginning."
  • "'It Is Finished!'" Jerry Goebel, One Family Outreach. "Focus on scripture from a justice perspective." Exegesis, study, and teen study and activities.
    • "What lens do I use to see this world? This whole study gives us the lenses of multiple viewpoints: Soldiers, politicians, ideologues, and sinners… and then it gives us John’s. He was there, he witnessed the event and heard the final words. 'It is finished,' 'It is perfectly completed.'"
  • "God Undertook Death (John 19)," John C. Purdy. Chapter 11 of God With a Human Face (1993), republished at Religion Online.
    • "...death is the experience that each of us must go through alone. Jesus’ crucifixion on Golgotha is utterly unlike anyone else’s death. Each person’s death is unique; no two people die the same way. And each of us is never so alone as when we go to meet our death...And yet all die; no one is exempt. Even Jesus died - he who had every reason to live. If Jesus died, how can you and I hope to escape death? It is inevitable; it is common; it is necessary. Each of us wears a different shape and face; yet each is made of the same clay."
  • Commentary by Donald Senior, C.P.:
    • "The Arrest," John 18:1-11.
    • "In the Courtyard of the High Priest," John 18:12-27.
    • "Jesus Before Pilate," John 18:28-40.
    • "Jesus the Crucified King," John 19:1-16.
    • "Lifting Up the Son of Man," John 19:17-30.
    • "Testimony," John 19:31-42.
  • "Witnesses to the King," James T. Dennison, Jr., in Kerux: The Online Journal of Biblical Theology (Reformed).
    • "John's gospel does not feature the kingdom of God; nor does he focus upon Christ's claim to be the coming king—until chapter 18."
  • "Nicodemus," James T. Dennison Jr., in Kerux: The Online Journal of Biblical Theology (Reformed).
    • "Nicodemus, out of your fervent devotion you have wrapped my body for the grave. You have wrapped your soul in that birth from above—that new birth which comes by the water flowing from my wounded side and the Spirit by which I have been raised up."
  • Commentary by Hall Harris at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • Commentary by Robert Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation:
    • Jesus, Lord at Thy Death (John 18:1-11)
    • Did Jesus Take the Fifth Amendment? (John 18:12-27)
    • Jesus Before Pilate, Part I (John 18:28-38)
    • Jesus Before Pilate: Part II (John 18:28–19:16)
    • The Crucifixion (John 19:17-37)
    • The Burial and Resurrection of Jesus Christ (John 19:38–20:9)
    • Who Killed Jesus the Messiah, Part 1 (John 18:1-27)
    • Who Killed Jesus the Messiah, Part 2 (John 18:28 - 19:16)
• Articles & Background:
  • "Raising the Johannine Temple (John 19:19-37)," Dr. Mary Coloe, Australian Biblical Review, 2000.
  • "Mary Magdalene and the Disciple Jesus Loved," Esther A. deBoer, Lectio Difficilior (The European Journal for Feminist Exegesis), 2000.
    • "Primarily on the basis of John 19,25-17 and 20,1-18 , but also on the basis of John’s caution concerning female discipleship, on the basis of the repressive elements within and without the Johannine community when the authority of women is at stake, and on the basis of  Charlesworth’s eight criteria, I conclude that Mary Magdalene should be seen as a serious candidate for the identification of the anonymous disciple Jesus loved in the Gospel of John."
  • "Note Sur La Triple Mention Des Disciples En Jn 18,1-2," Hellen Mardaga, Filologia Neotestamentaria, 2003. English Abstract.
    • "This contribution deals with the threefold reference to the disciples in Jn 18:1-2 and pays special attention to the double mention of them in 18:1."
  • "Despising the Shame of the Cross: Honor and Shame in the Johannine Passion Narrative," Jerome H. Neyrey, Semeia 68: Honor and Shame in the World of the Bible, 1996.
  • "The Biography of an Invented Man," Ann Wroe, Bible and Interpretation.
    • "One of the most intolerant acts of the state in history-the decision of the fifth Roman prefect of Judea to crucify Christ-was itself in the end, perhaps, an act of faith."
  • "The Book of Zechariah and the Passion Narrative," F.F. Bruce,  Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, 1961.
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  • John 18:33-37 (Christ the King B):
    • Anderson, Mary W., "Royal Treatment," The Christian Century, 2003.
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    • Berg, Laurna L., "The Illegalities of Jesus' Religious and Civil Trials," Bibliotheca Sacra, 2004.
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    • Breshears, Gerry, "The Body of Christ: Prophet, Priest or King?" Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 1994.
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    • DePuy, Norman R., "Turning Outside In," The Christian Century, 1991.
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    • Glancy, Jennifer A., "Torture: Flesh, Truth, and the Fourth Gospel," Biblical Interpretation, 2005.
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    • Lincoln, Andrew T., "Trials, Plots and the Narrative of the Fourth Gospel," Journal for the Study of the New Testament, 1994.
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    • Matera, Frank J., "The Trial of Jesus: Problems and Proposals," Interpretation, 1991.
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    • McGing, Brian C., "Pontius Pilate and the Sources," Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 1991.
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    • Morris, John C., "Checkmate," The Christian Century, 2000.
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    • Neyrey, Jerome H., "Despising the Shame of the Cross: Honor and Shame in the Johannine Passion Narrative," Semeia, 1994.
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    • Nickle, Keith F., "Ruling from the Rood: The Passion Narrative in the Fourth Gospel," Journal for Preachers, 1995.
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    • O'Meara, Thomas F., "The Trial of Jesus in an Age of Trials," Theology Today, 1972.
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    • Rensberger, David, "The Politics of John: The Trial of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel," Journal of Biblical Literature, 1984.
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    • Sobosan, Jeffrey G., "The Trial of Jesus," Journal of Ecumenical Studies, 1973.
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    • Willimon, William H., "Answering Pilate: Truth and the Postliberal Church," Christian Century, 1987.
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    • Wilson, Gary D., "Pilate: A Monologue," Brethren Life and Thought, 1972.
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  • John 18 - 19
    • Ashton, John, "The Identity and Function of the IOUDAIOI in the Fourth Gospel," Novum Testamentum, 1985. (See especially section beginning on page 63.)
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    • Bassler, Jouette M., "Mixed Signals: Nicodemus in the Fourth Gospel," Journal of Biblical Literature, 1989.
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    • Brown, Rebecca Pugh, "Preaching Justice and Mercy: Reflections on the Lectionary Readings for April," The Living Pulpit, 2007. (See also "Atonement," issue focus of The Living Pulpit, 16.2, 2007.)
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    • Grassi, Joseph A., "The Role of Jesus' Mother in John's Gospel: A Reappraisal," Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 1986. (Section on John 19:25-37 begins on page 71.)
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    • Green, Joel B., "The Death of Jesus and the Ways of God: Jesus and the Gospels on Messianic Status and Shameful Suffering," Interpretation, 1998.
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    • Köstenberger, Andreas J., "'What is Truth?' Pilate's Question in Its Johannine and Larger Biblical Context," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 2005.
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    • Koester, Craig R., "The Passion and Resurrection according to John," Word & World, 1991.
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    • Koskenniemi, Erkki, Kirsi Nisula and Jorma Toppari, "Wine Mixed with Myrrh (Mark 15.23) and Crurifragium (John 19.31-32): Two Details of the Passion Narratives," Journal for the Study of the New Testament, 2005.
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    • Magness, Jodi, "Ossuaries and the Burials of Jesus and James," Journal of Biblical Literature, 2005.
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    • Marcus, Joel, "Crucifixion as Parodic Exaltation," Journal of Biblical Literature, 2006.
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    • Meggitt, Justin J., "The Madness of King Jesus: Why was Jesus Put to Death, but his Followers were not?" Journal for the Study of the New Testament, 2007.
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    • Nickle, Keith F., "Ruling from the Rood: The Passion Narrative in the Fourth Gospel," Journal for Preachers, 1995.
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    • Redditt, Paul L., "Between Text & Sermon: John 19:38-42," Interpretation, 2007.
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• Reviews:
  • Reviews: Helen K. Bond, Caiaphas: Friend of Rome and Judge of Jesus? Westminster John Knox, 2004. Reviews by Michael Tilly, John Byron and Florence Gillman in SBL's Review of Biblical Literature.
• Sermons:
  • "Jesus and Leadership," Christ the King Sunday, Ken Carter, Faith and Leadership, 2009.
  • "What Is Truth?" Paul Tillich, The New Being, 1955.
  • Good Friday, Luke Bouman, 2007, Goettinger Predigten: Every Sunday Sermons based on the RCL by a team of Lutheran theologians/ pastors.
  • The Seven Last Words Sermon Series, Pastor Edward F. Markquart, Sermons from Seattle: Golgotha, Father Forgive Them For They Know Not What They Do, Today You Will Be With Me In Paradise, Here is Your Son - Here is Your Mother, My God, My God, Why Have You Forsaken Me? I Thirst, It Is Finished, Father, Into Your Hands I Commit My Spirit, The Seven Last Words.
  • "Christ the King, Lord of the Land and the Sea" Sermons from Seattle, Pastor Edward F. Markquart, Grace Lutheran Church, Seattle, Washington.
  • "Completed in You and Me" - Good Friday - 25 March 2005, David Zersen, Göttinger Predigten im Internet: Every Sunday Sermons based on the RCL by a team of Lutheran theologians/ pastors.
  • Father Andrew M. Greeley, "Priest, Author, Sociologist," Commentary and Homily
    • Christ the King B, 2009
    • Christ the King B, 2006
    • Christ the King B, 2003
    • Christ the King B, 2000
• With Children:
  • "The Garden of Gethsemane," "The Crucifixion," Illustrating the Story (lessons, children's sermons), coloring pages, activity sheets, crafts, children's songs. MSSS Crafts.
  • "Gethsemane," Jim Kerlin, childrensermons.com.
  • "Peter Hears a Rooster Crow," "Pilate Calls Jesus King," Sunday School Lessons: Family Bible Study, art projects, music, stories, etc.
  • "Peter's Denial," children's study, puzzles, coloring sheet, etc. Higher Praise Christian Center.
• Drama:
  • "The Governor's Interrogation," "The Verdict of the Sanhedrin," "Before the Cock Crows," "Like a Thief," "In the Garden of Gethsemane," "The New Alliance," "The Lamb and the Unleavened Bread," "A Man of the People," from A Certain Jesus by Jose Ignacio and Maria Lopez Vigil. Ideal for catechetical and liturgical dramatization of today's gospel. Claretian Publications.
• Graphics & Bulletin Materials:
  • Clip Art, John 19:7, Fr. Richard Lonsdale, Resources for Catholic Educators.
  • Good Friday, Lectionary Clipart, Hermanoleon Clipart.
  • Clip Art Images: John 18:33-37, Misioneros Del Sagrado Corazón en el Perú.
  • Holy Week (+ Easter) Clip Art (Free), United Methodist Church General Board of Global Ministries.
  • Images for this week's readings, Good Friday B, Holy Saturday B, Pitts Theology Library Digital Image Archive.
  • John 18/19, John 18:33-37, at Cerezo Barredo's weekly gospel illustration. Liberation emphasis.
  • John 18:33-37, John 19:25-27, John 18:1 - 19:42, John 18:1 - 19:42, Liturgical Drawing, Maria d.c. Zamora, Claretian Resources, Philippines. ("Download and use these for free.")
  • Clip Art, Julius Schnoor von Carolsfeld woodcuts, World Mission Collection, Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod.
  • Palm Pilate, Who's The Boss, My What Big Ears, Nevermind, Harsh Reality, Reverend Fun Cartoon, gospelcom.net. Check for printing permissions at right-hand side of destination page.
• Hymns and Music:
  • Contemporary/Praise Song suggestions, Together to Celebrate, David MacGregor.
  • Hymns with Scripture Allusions: John 18:36; 19:5, 17, 18, 25, 28, 30, 34. The Cyber Hymnal.
  • Hymn selections (United Methodist) and more from Hymnsite.com.
  • Hymnal Scripture References, The Lutheran Hymnal, Lutheran Worship.
  • At Digital Hymnal (midi files, guitar chords, karaoke files, projection text):
    • At the Cross
    • Go to Dark Gethsemane
    • Rock of Ages
• Fine Arts Images Linked at The Text This Week's Art Index:
  • Burial of Jesus
  • Crucifixion
  • Denial and Betrayal of Jesus by the Disciples
  • Lamentation/Deposition/Pieta
  • Trial/Road to Calvary
• Movies scenes with the following themes, listed at The Text This Week's Movie Concordance:
  • Crucifixion
  • Sacrifice/Sacrificial Death
  • Suffering Servant figures
  • Confrontation with Evil
• The above links are for the study of specifically John's passion account. See also Study Links and Resources for the general Accounts of Jesus' Passion
• Study Links and Resources for the Book of John