|
| |
Genesis 21:8-21
You can
sponsor this page
of The Text This Week
 | Reading the Text:
 |
NRSV (with link to Anglicized NRSV) at Oremus Bible Browser.
|
|
The Bible Gateway: NIV, NASB, CEV, The Message, KJV, etc. |
| The Blue Letter Bible.
KJV, alternate versions, Hebrew text with concordance, commentaries. |
| The World
Wide Study Bible includes commentary, exposition and sermons. |
| Bereshit
21: Massoretic, Hebrew, Aramaic, JPS. |
|
| Historical References, Commentary and
Comparative Texts:
|
Navigating the Bible: Text/Rabbinic commentary
and Divrei Torah. |
|
Chapter LVI, Dialogue
With Trypho,
Justin Martyr.
(c 160) |
|
I.11, Stromata,
Clement of Alexandria (c 200) |
|
XII.31, Commentary
on the Gospel of Matthew,
Origen. (c.247) |
|
Rashi's Commentary, c. 1075. chabad.org. |
| From
Calvin's
Commentary on Genesis.
 | "It seems, indeed, at first sight, something frivolous, that Sarah, being
angry about a mere nothing, should have stirred up strife in the family. But Paul teaches,
that a sublime mystery is here proposed to us, concerning the perpetual state of the
Church." |
|
| From the Geneva Notes.
| "True faith renounces all natural affections to obey God's
commandment." |
|
| From
Matthew Henry's
Commentary.
| "Let us not overlook the manner in which this family matter instructs us
not to rest in outward privileges, or in our own doings." |
|
| From
Wesley's
Notes.
| "It is presumption to say, that all these who are left out of the external
dispensation of God's covenant are excluded from all his mercies." |
|
| "The
Allegories of Sarah and Hagar," C.H. Spurgeon, 1856.
| "Whosoever amongst you will cast all his good works away, and will come to
Jesus, with this 'Nothing, nothing, NOTHING, Nothing in my hands I bring,
Simply to the cross I cling'." |
|
| From the
Commentary on the Whole Bible
(Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, 1871).
| "Ishmael was a lad of seventeen years, and it is quite customary for Arab
chiefs to send out their sons at such an age to do for themselves: often with nothing but
a few days' provisions in a bag." |
|
|
| Contemporary References, Commentary and
Comparative Texts:
|
The story of
Hagar and Ishmael as told in various traditions,
Jesus Now,
Proper (Ordinary) 12A,
lectionary, study and worship resources from Faith Futures
Jesus Then & Now. |
|
Commentary, Genesis 21:8-21, Mark Throntveit, Preaching This Week,
WorkingPreacher.org, 2008.
| "This continuation of Genesis
21:1-7 describes the conflict in Abraham's family caused by Isaac's
birth." |
|
|
"Preaching Stories of Family Origins: Readings from the Book of
Genesis," lectionary reflections for June, Rev. Dr. Ronald J. Allen,
The Living Pulpit, 2008. |
|
"Ishmael:
God Hears and Sees,"
The Journey with Jesus: Notes to Myself, Daniel B. Clendenin, Journey with Jesus
Foundation, 2005.
| "God is
not deaf, dumb or blind. He is not implacable, impersonal, or impassible,
without feeling or emotion. He is not an absentee landlord deity. No,
Christians believe that He sees every human misery, and that He hears
every painful sob." |
|
|
Comments
(commentary) and
Clippings
(technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican
Diocese of Montreal. |
|
Parashat Va-yera, Rabbi David Ackerman, Jewish Theological Seminary
Commentary, 2008.
| "We, like Abraham, don't always know where we're
headed. And like Abraham, we walk in order to learn, in Aviva
Zornberg's rich words, 'what it means not (yet) to be shown, to be
told.'" |
|
|
The Old Testament Readings:
Genesis 21:8-21. Weekly Comments on the Revised Common
Lectionary, Howard Wallace Audrey Schindler, Morag Logan, Paul Tonson, Lorraine Parkinson, Theological Hall of the Uniting Church,
Melbourne, Australia.
| "Christian
preachers need also to consider whether Paul’s treatment of Hagar in
Galatians 4 does justice to the Genesis accounts..." |
|
|
Genesis 21:8-21, Pentecost
6, Commentary, Background, Insights from
Literary Structure, Theological Message, Ways to Present the Text. Anna
Grant-Henderson, Uniting Church in Australia.
| "Hagar comes to represent many people
who are cast out from family, home or country: a runaway child from abuse,
a refugee, the abused wife, the homeless and the list of those represented
by the figure of Hagar is very long." |
|
|
Desert Scribblings, Genesis 21:8-21, Geoff McElroy.
| "While we don’t exclude on basis
of labels and prejudice as much as the past, even though we still
have some ways to go in issues like race and gender and other areas,
and while our most fervent exclusions these days revolve around
matters of opinion and thought, our tendency to exclude others not
like us is still holding strong." |
|
|
"A Great
Partner for a Great Endeavor," Torah Commentary by Wendy Amsellem.
BeliefNet.
| "Along the way, Abraham learns that no one person has a
monopoly on God's covenant, and that great endeavors require great
partners." |
|
|
"I: The Sacrifice of Sarah, II: The Non-sacrifice of Isaac: Perashat Vayera,"
Mark H. Kirschbaum, M.D., Tikkun. |
|
Parshah Vayeira, text, commentary & articles from Chassidic Masters,
sermons, etc from Chabad Lubavitch. |
|
Parshas
Vayera from The Project Genesis Torah Study. Index to numerous articles and
studies on Genesis 18:1-22:24. |
| Parshat
Vayeira, articles and commentary by the Jewish Community of Atlanta, at
The Torah From Dixie. |
|
"Commentary
on Genesis 21:8-21: Fourth Sunday After Pentecost (Year A)," by
Dennis Bratcher at the Christian Resource Institute.
| "Juxtaposed with the
first half of the reading in which God’s people are the oppressors,
God’s actions in the world for liberation and freedom raises ominous
implications for those who do the oppressing." |
|
|
"Outcasts and Forebears," William L. Holladay,
The Christian Century,
1996.
| "Whom have we cast out of our cultural
households? Who are the "others" whom we keep at a distance? Muslims?
Gays? The homeless? We know the list by now." |
|
|
"Death and Reconciliation: Chayye Sarach," Rabbi Arthur Waskow,
The Shalom Center.
| "Such a parallel! — By the time their
father Avraham has died, each has lived for many years with the knowledge
that he — their father! — sent them to the brink of death." |
|
| "What
happens when Christians Mess Up?" from the
Biblical
Studies Foundation.
| "While we cannot justify the
motivation of Sarah for her ultimatum, I personally believe that such a move had to occur
in order to force Abraham’s hand in setting aside his aspirations for this
son." |
|
|
| Articles & Background:
|
"Reinterpreting
Hagar's Story," Jessica Grimes, Lectio Difficilior, 2004.
| "Themes of excluding and choosing,
privileging and denying are signs that the story of Hagar is not just
about a surrogate mother whose desires are being denied. This story is
about an enslaved woman who symbolizes the struggle for survival of
colonized people because she experiences subjugation and freedom, twice." |
|
|
"Gender,
Class, and Androcentric Compliance in the Rapes of Enslaved Women in the
Hebrew Bible," Susanne Scholz, Lectio
Difficilior, 2004.
| "This article began with the words of
women enslaved in nineteenth-century America, which provided the
perspective for the examination of the biblical stories. There are,
however, remarkable differences between the two, and three differences
shall be highlighted here..." |
|
|
"Women
Quilting A Biblical Pattern," Letty M. Russell, 1992.
| "By discerning the patterns of
oppression, we as women can begin to piece together a new pattern of
sister choice as we wrestle with what the Bible has to teach us about
God’s intention for our lives." |
|
|
"Old Testament Perspectives on Divorce and Remarriage," Joe M. Sprinkle,
Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 1997.
| "It will be observed that the OT
permits divorce for a variety of fundamental violations of the marriage
covenant. In addition I will attempt to show that the OT teaching on this
topic is compatible with the NT teachings about divorce and that both
together are required for a complete Biblical divorce ethic." |
|
| "Ismael"
from The (1913) Catholic Encyclopedia. |
|
"Abraham, Sarah
and Hagar: A Family Affair: Did Sarah Sin Against Hagar?" by Rabbi Matis
Greenblatt, Literary Editor of Jewish Action Magazine.
| "We may be defending the most
justifiable cause. And yet, the manner in which we pursue our objective is critical; so
critical that if we pursue our goal too forcefully or with a measure of insensitivity the
results may be disastrous." |
|
|
"Muhammad in
the Bible," Dr. Jamal Badawi.
| "It should be noted that God does
not subscribe to human attitudes of ethnic or racial superiority or exclusivism, much less
the submergence of spiritual and human qualities of mankind because of a certain
unfortunate state of bondage." |
|
|
| Articles in
ATLAS Journals. (Direct link when you are
subscribed and logged in to
ATLASerials online collection of Religion and Theology Journals.):
| Bailey, Wilma Ann, "Black and Jewish
Women Consider Hagar," Encounter, 2002.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Classens, L. Juliana M., "Laughter
and Tears: Carnivalistic Overtones in the Stories of Sarah and Hagar,"
Perspectives in Religious Studies, 2005.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Dozeman, Thomas B., "The Wilderness
and Salvation History in the Hagar Story," Journal of Biblical
Literature, 1998.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Dube, Musa W., "Toward a
Post-Colonial Feminist Interpretation of the Bible," Semeia,
1997.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Guenther, Allen,
"A Typology of Israelite Marriage: Kinship, Socio-Economic, and Religious
Factors," Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 2005.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Holladay, William L., "Outcasts and
Forebears," The Christian Century, 1996.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Kaminsky, Joel S.,
"Humor and the Theology of Hope: Isaac as a Humorous Figure,"
Interpretation, 2000.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Lyke, Larry L., "Where Does 'the Boy' Belong?
Compositional Strategy in Genesis 21:14," Catholic Biblical Quarterly,
1994.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Mbuwayesango, Dora R., "Childlessness
and Woman-To-Woman Relationships in Genesis and in African Patriarchal
Society: Sarah and Hagar from a Zimbabwean Woman's Perspective (Gen
16:1-16; 21:8-21)," Semeia, 1997.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Meyer, Lauree Hersch, "Hagar's
Holiness: Genesis 16 and 21," Brethren Life and Thought, 1992.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Moser, Barry, "Blood and Stone: Violence
in the Bible & the Eye of the Illustrator," Cross Currents, 2001.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Nikaido, S., "Hagar and Ishmael as Literary Figures:
An Intertextual Study," Vetus Testamentum, 2001.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| O'Connor, Kathleen, "Abraham's Unholy Family: Mirror,
Witness, Summons," Journal for Preachers, 1997.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Okoye, James C., "Sarah and Hagar: Genesis 16 and
21," Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 2007.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Reis, Pamela Tamarkin, "Hagar Requited," Journal
for the Study of the Old Testament, 2000.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Schwartz, Joshua, "Ishmael at Play: On Exegesis and
Jewish Society," Hebrew Union College Annual, 1995.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Sprinkle, Joe M., "Old Testament Perspectives on
Divorce and Remarriage," Journal of the Evangelical Theological
Society, 1997.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Stancil, David C., "Genesis 16:1-16;
21:8-21 -- The Uncherished Child: A 'Modern' Wilderness of the Heart,"
Review & Expositor, 1994.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Steinberg, Naomi, "The Genealogical
Framework of the Family Stories in Genesis," Semeia, 1989.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Thomas-Smith, Karen, "Seeing through the Eyes of Our
Sister, Hagar: An Expository Sermon on Genesis 16:1-16, 21:1-21 and John
4:5-14," Review & Expositor, 2008.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Thompson, John L.,
"Hagar, Victim or Villain? Three Sixteenth-Century Views," The
Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 1997.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Williams, James G., "The Beautiful and the Barren:
Conventions in Biblical Type-Scenes," Journal for the Study of the
Old Testament, 1980.
Image Browse -
PDF |
|
| Reviews:
|
Review: Lothar Ruppert,
Genesis, ein kritischer und theologischer
Kommentar: 11,27 - 25, 18. Echter Verlag, 2002. Reviewed by David L.
Petersen in SBL's Review of Biblical Literature. (Review is in
English.) |
|
Review:
Tammi J. Schneider, Sarah: Mother of Nations. Continuum, 2004. Review
by Carol Dempsey, Review of Biblical Literature, 2005. |
| Taylor, Marion Ann and Heather E. Weir, eds., Let
Her Speak for Herself: Nineteenth-Century Women Writing on Women in
Genesis, Baylor University Press, 2006.
Review
by Frances Klopper, Review of Biblical Literature, 2008. |
|
| Sermons:
|
| With Children:
|
| Drama: |
| Graphics & Bulletin Materials: |
| Hymns and Music: |
| Fine Arts Images Linked at The Text This Week's
Art Index:
|
| Movies scenes with the following themes,
listed at The Text This Week's Movie Concordance: |
| Literature and Literary References:
|
| Study links and resources for the Book of Genesis |
|
