Exodus 12:1-14

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• Reading the Text:
  • NRSV (with link to Anglicized NRSV) at Oremus Bible Browser.
  • The Bible Gateway: NIV, NASB, CEV, The Message, KJV, etc.
  • The Blue Letter Bible. KJV, alternate versions, Hebrew text with concordance, commentaries.
  • The World Wide Study Bible includes commentary, exposition and sermons.
  • Shemot 12: Massoretic, Hebrew, Aramaic, JPS.
• Historical References, Commentary and Comparative Texts:
  • Navigating the Bible: Text/Rabbinic commentary and Divrei Torah.
  • IV.X.1, Adversus Haereses, Irenaeus of Lyons. (c. 180)
  • Chapter VIII, Chapter X, Adversus Judaeos, Tertullian (c. 198)
  • III.I.9, First Principles (De Principiis), Origen. (c.225)
  • X.11, X.13, Commentary on the Gospel of John, Philocalia [anthology of Origen prepared by St. Basil and St. Gregory Nazianzen], Origen. (c.230)
  • Chapter X, Hortatory Address to the Greeks, pseudo-Justin. (3rd cent?)
  • VIII.XXIII, Against Celsus, Origen. (c.246)
  • An Address to Demetrianus -- Cyprian of Carthage (c. 252)
  • Epistle LXII -- Cyprian of Carthage (c. 253)
  • Rashi's Commentary, c. 1075. chabad.org.
  • From the Geneva Notes.
    • "The lamb was not the Passover, but signified it, as ordinances are not the thing itself which they represent, but rather they signify it."
  • From Matthew Henry's Commentary.
    • "The Lord makes all things new to those whom he delivers from the bondage of Satan, and takes to himself to be his people."
  • From Wesley's Notes.
    • "The solemn eating of the lamb was typical of our gospel duty to Christ."
  • Section VII, The Canon of the Old And New Testaments or The Bible Complete without the Apocrypha and Unwritten Traditions, Archibald Alexander, c. 1850.
  • "The Blood: Exodus 12:13," Charles H. Spurgeon, 1859.
    • "God's people are always safe."
  • From the Commentary on the Whole Bible (Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, 1871).
    • "It was to be roasted whole, not a bone to be broken, and this pointed to Christ."
• Contemporary References, Commentary and Comparative Texts:
  • Commentary, Exodus 12:1-14, Charles L. Aaron, Jr., Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2009.
    • "The church claims Passover, Lent, Maundy Thursday and the sacrament of communion as ways to remember its identity and mission. Without God, we would be slaves to sin."
  • Commentary, Exodus 12:1-14, Dennis Olson, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2008.
    • "There are consequences to sustained rebellion and disobedience against God and God's purposes for the world, consequences that inevitably spill over to future generations."
  • Exodus 12:1-14, Proper 23A: Comments (commentary) and Clippings (technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican Diocese of Montreal.
  • Exodus 12:1-14, Commentary, Background, Insights from Literary Structure, Theological Message, Ways to Present the Text. Anna Grant-Henderson, Uniting Church in Australia.
  • The Old Testament Readings: Exodus 12:1-14. Weekly Comments on the Revised Common Lectionary, Howard Wallace Audrey Schindler, Morag Logan, Paul Tonson, Lorraine Parkinson, Theological Hall of the Uniting Church, Melbourne, Australia.
    • "There is the close link between worship and the events of our redemption – how each is a participation in the other and how worship is itself a ‘yes’ to the God who wishes life and liberation for all creation, and a ‘no’ to those powers who would seek to break the spirit for life."
  • Desert Scribblings, Exodus 12:1-14, Geoff McElroy, 2008.
    • "Our priorities are shaped by our time, and thus the command to observe the Passover or other festivals of remembrance shapes our lives and gives them a contour that emphasizes God’s place in our story."
  • "When Faith Is Hijacked," The Journey with Jesus: Notes to Myself, Daniel B. Clendenin, Journey with Jesus Foundation, 2005.
    • "Liberation from oppression is a good thing, and always worthy of celebration. But the writer of Exodus construes Israel's emancipation to include Egyptian subjugation. Today we would say that the horribly-oppressed became the new oppressor, except in this instance the writer insists that Hebrew revenge was the very act of Yahweh Himself."
  • "Dazzled by the Dark" and "Interpretation and Freedom," Mark H. Kirschbaum, M.D., Tikkun.
  • "The Passover Meal," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources.
    • "It is our mighty salvation that drives us on our desert pilgrimage."
  • Parshah Bo, text, commentary, stories, sermons & articles from Chassidic Masters and others, from Chabad Lubavitch.
  • "The Deepest Truth About God," Torah Commentary by Rabbi Shai Held. BeliefNet.
    • "How the Exodus teaches us about ethical passion."
  • "Parsha Bo," Rabbi Arthur Waskow, The Shalom Center.
  • "Liberated by Law: Reflections on the Revised Common Lectionary, Year A," Perry Yoder. "Living the Word" from Sojourners Online, September/October, 1999.
    • "Perhaps it is this other side, the underside of the liberation shekel, that ought to give us in the West the most to ponder in reading the story of God’s salvation in Exodus. This God of Exodus, who saves the oppressed, is the God who judges the oppressor who will not let go."
  • Parshas Bo, Divrei Torah from The Project Genesis Torah Study. Index to numerous Orthodox articles and studies on 10:1 - 13:16.
  • Parshat Bo, articles and commentary by the Jewish Community of Atlanta, at The Torah From Dixie.
  • Exodus 12:1-4 (5-10) 11-14, Maundy Thursday, Studies on Old Testament texts from Series A, B, C, Ralph W. Klein, Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago.
  • Exodus 12:1-4, (5-10), 11-14, Maundy Thursday: Comments (commentary) and Clippings (technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican Diocese of Montreal.
  • "Institution of Passover," Larry Broding's Word-Sunday.Com: A Lectionary Resource for Catholics.
    • "How has your devotions changed? How have you maintained the spirit of those devotions? How do you honor God's people?"
  • Commentary, (Maundy Thursday), Background, Insights from Literary Structure, Theological Message, Ways to Present the Text. Anna Grant-Henderson, Uniting Church in Australia.
• Articles & Background:
  • "Divine Warfare and Nonresistance," Gerald Janzen, Direction, 2003.
    • "On the matter of nonresistance, the theme of spiritual warfare demonstrates a continuity between the Old and New Testaments."
  • "Human Free Will and Divine Determinism: Pharaoh, a Case Study," Pierre, Gilbert, Direction, 2001.
    • "Is Pharaoh a mere puppet in the hands of a manipulative deity? Or is he the master of his own fate?"
  • "Tar Baby and Womanist Theology," Karen Baker-Fletcher, Christian Theological Seminary. Theology Today, 1993.
    • "Black women and men can transform present existence by actively remembering and practicing the prophetic, generational wisdom of the past. Such transformative activity is salvific, communal, and, for Christian womanists, is based in the God of Jethro, Moses, Zipporah, and Jesus."
  • "Xodus Musings: Reflections on Womanist Tar Baby Theology," Garth Baker-Fletcher, Christian Theological Seminary. Theology Today, 1993.
    • "As Tar Baby womanist theological reflection intentionally "dusts off " and puts back together again the dis-remembered fragments of the ancient African tar lady myth of community bonding and perseverance, so African American males are searching to uncover the shattered myths of humanity and "manhood" (here understood in its gender-specific sense) that may bring life-giving power."
  • "The Exodus of the Spirit," Prof. E. Segal, University of Calgary.
    • "For many Jewish thinkers over the ages the lessons of Passover and the Exodus were not exhausted in their historical memories. The central themes that dominate the holiday were seen as metaphors and symbols for many facets of individual human psychology and religious experience."
  • Goats from Jewish Heritage OnLine Magazine features articles, commentary, illustrations, etc.
  • "When Baby Moses Reached for Pharoah's Crown," The Midrash. From Jewish Heritage Online Magazine's Topic of the Month: Crown.
    • "It happened that the infant took the crown from off the king's head, and placed it on his own."
  • Mysteries of the Nile website from PBS's Nova special. Features historical & archaeological information, panoramic virtual reality photos, and more.
    • "Explore the Pyramids, temples, and other monumental architecture of ancient Egypt through riveting 360° photos shot during this NOVA/PBS Online Adventure."
• Recommended articles from ATLAS, an online collection of religion and theology journals, are linked below. ATLAS Access options are available for academic institutions, alumni of selected theological schools, and clergy/church offices.
  • Baker-Fletcher, Garth, "Xodus Musings: Reflections on Tar Baby Theology," Theology Today, 1993.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Baker-Fletcher, Karen, "Tar Baby and Womanist Theology," Theology Today, 1993.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Bergant, Dianne, "An Anthropological Approach to Biblical Interpretation," Semeia, 1994.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Cox, Dorian G. Coover, "The Hardening of Pharaoh's Heart In Its Literary and Cultural Contexts," Bibliotheca Sacra, 2006.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Eslinger, Lyle, "Freedom or Knowledge? Perspective and Purpose in the Exodus Narrative," Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 1991.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Gilbert, Pierre, "Human Free Will and Divine Determinism: Pharaoh, a Case Study," Direction, 2001.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Irwin, Brian P., "Yahweh's Suspension of Free Will in the Old Testament: Divine Immorality or Sign-Act?" Tyndale Bulletin, 2003.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Janzen, Gerald, "Divine Warfare and Nonresistance," Direction, 2003.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Kravitz, Leonard S., "The Torah and Jesus," The Living Pulpit, 1997.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Lamborn, Amy Bentley, "Covenant Signs Abound," The Living Pulpit, 2005.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Miscall, Peter D., "Biblical Narrative and Categories of the Fantastic," Semeia, 1992.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
  • Wagenaar, Jan A., "Passover and the First Day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread in the Priestly Festival Calendar," Vetus Testamentum, 2004.
      EBSCO ATLASerials, Religion Collection
      EBSCO ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials
• Reviews:
• Sermons:
• With Children:
  • "Passover and the Exodus from Egypt," Illustrating the Story (lessons, children's sermons), coloring pages, activity sheets, crafts, children's songs. MSSS Crafts.
  • "Last Supper," Jim Kerlin, childrensermons.com.
  • "The Ten Plagues," "The First Passover," children's study, puzzles, coloring sheet, etc. Higher Praise Christian Center.
  • "Crossword on Moses in Exodus," Don Crownover's Bible Puzzles.
• Drama:
• Graphics & Bulletin Materials:
  • Images for this week's readings, Pitts Theology Library Digital Image Archive.
  • Clip Art: The First Passover, Julius Schnoor von Carolsfeld woodcuts, World Mission Collection, Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod.
  • Role Reversal, Reverend Fun Cartoon, gospelcom.net. Check for printing permissions at right-hand side of destination page.
• Hymns and Music:
  • Hymns with Scripture Allusions: Exodus 12:13. The Cyber Hymnal.
  • Hymn selections (United Methodist) and more from Hymnsite.com.
• Fine Arts Images Linked at The Text This Week's Art Index:
  • Plagues of Egypt
  • Moses
  • Exodus
• Movies scenes with the following themes, listed at The Text This Week's Movie Concordance:
  • Moses/Exodus
• Study Links and Resources for the Book of Exodus