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Galatians
4:4-7
 | Reading the Text:
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| Historical References, Commentary and
Comparative Texts:
 |
III.XVI., 7,
III.XXII.1,
V.XXI.1,
Adversus Haereses,
Irenaeus of Lyons. (c. 180) |
|
I.6,
Paedagogus,
Clement of Alexandria (c 200) |
|
Chapter VI,
On
The Veiling of Virgins,
Tertullian (c. 205) |
|
Chapter XX,
On
the Flesh of Christ,
Tertullian (c. 211) |
|
V.4,
V.8,
Against Marcion,
Tertullian (c. 212) |
|
XIII.26,
Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew,
Origen. (c.247) |
|
"The People of Law and of Grace," Galatians 4:1-7, Martin
Luther, c. 1522. |
| Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians
(Galatians
4:1-9) by Martin Luther.
 | "Thus Christ banished
the Law from the conscience. It dare no longer banish us from God." |
|
| From the Geneva Notes.
| "The time is said to be
full when all parts of it are past and ended, and therefore Christ could
not have come either sooner or later." |
|
| How
the Spirit Enables Us to Pray, Thomas Boston (Puritan, c 1700)
| "The man may go to his
knees in a very unprepared attitude for prayer, yet the Spirit blows, he
is helped." |
|
| From
Matthew Henry's
Commentary.
| "May the temper and
conduct of sons ever show our adoption; and may the Holy Spirit witness
with our spirits that we are children and heirs of God." |
|
| From Wesley's
Notes.
| "The Hebrew and Greek
word are joined together, to express the joint cry of the Jews and
gentiles." |
|
| From the
Commentary on the Whole Bible
(Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, 1871).
| "God does nothing
prematurely, but, foreseeing the end from the beginning, waits till all
is ripe for the execution of His purpose." |
|
| "Adoption
-- The Spirit and the Cry: Galatians 4:6," Charles H. Spurgeon, 1878.
| "Once more upon this point of the believer's dignity, we are already
tasting one of the inevitable consequences of being the sons of God." |
|
| From The People's
New Testament, B.W. Johnson, 1891.
| "Those under bondage
need redemption in order to secure freedom." |
|
|
| Contemporary Commentary, Studies and Exegesis:
|
Commentary,
Galatians 4:4-7, Hans Weirsma, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2008.
|
"...there is no
shortage of things we think we can do to make God accept us into the
household of Christ: be good people, go to church, assent to the
creeds, give our hearts to Jesus, and on and on and on. Here the
task is anything but abstract. You expose all of the subtle and
not-so-subtle ways your hearers attempt to gain the divine
inheritance via obedience to the law...Then you hit them with the
sweet gospel: 'God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the
law, in order to redeem those who were under the law, so that we
might receive adoption as children.'" |
|
|
"First
Thoughts on Passages on Year B Epistle Passages in the Lectionary:
Christmas 1," William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in
Australia, 2002.
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"Paul and others like him
made a deliberate choice to make the relationship with Christ and through
Christ with God the sole criterion for what mattered and to read the
scriptures in that light." |
|
|
Comments
(commentary) and
Clippings
(technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican
Diocese of Montreal. |
|
"Christian Maturity," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible
Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources.
|
"The danger in seeking an
extra over what is already complete, involves not only the loss of
spiritual maturity, but quite possibly the loss of salvation itself. To
move from God's free grace, is to move from life to death." |
|
| "The
Inferiority of Immaturity (Galatians 4:1-11)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the
Biblical Studies Foundation.
| "While the Jews were no
better than slaves under the economy of the Law (4:1), the Gentiles were
truly slaves, in bondage to elementary principles. These elementary
principles were somehow related to the false idol worship of “no
gods” (4:8; cf. 1 Cor. 12:2; Eph. 2:1-3). How foolish it would be
for them to turn back to the “elemental things,” which Paul here
calls “weak” and “worthless” (4:9)." |
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| Environmental &
earth-centered reflections, Rev John Gibbs, from the Episcopal Diocese of Minnesota Environmental
Stewardship Commission.
| "In the wake of
Christmas, then, the household of faith is freed from its
self-preoccupations as it is sent forth into the world to participate in
that grand process by which God works throughout Creation toward the
energetic "fullness of time."" |
|
|
Galatians
4:4-7, in Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary's
An
Exegetical Study of the Common Lectionary, coordinated by Prof.
John E. Alsup, features rough translation, disposition, immediate
context, broader context, hermeneutical bridge, and contemporary
address.
| "The center of
theological gravity is found in God's primacy in the pericope. The other
major concerns include Jesus" redeeming and our being God's
children. The minor concerns include Christ's humanity and His Spirit's
crying in our hearts. Then, the negative ideas contrasting what God has
done for us in Christ cannot go unmentioned as elements worthy of
consideration." |
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| Articles & Background: |
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| Aasgaard, Reidar, "Paul as a Child:
Children and Childhood in the Letters of the Apostle," Journal of
Biblical Literature, 2007.
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| Bellevile, Linda L.,
"'Under Law': Structural Analysis and the Pauline Concept of Law in
Galatians 3:21-4:11," Journal for the Study of the New Testament,
1986.
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| Cloete, G Daan, "Christmas: Heirs of God, the Father,
through Jesus, the Son, Incarnated (Galatians 4:4-7)," Journal of
Theology for Southern Africa, 1993.
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| Hay, David M.,
"Between Text & Sermon: Galatians 4:1-31," Interpretation, 2000.
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| Jones, Peter Rhea,
"Exegesis of Galatians 3 and 4," Review and Expositor, 1972.
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| Marcus, Joel,
"'Under the Law': The Background of a Pauline Expression," The
Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 2001.
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| McWilliam, Stuart,
"When the Fullness of Time Was Come," Journal for Preachers,
2003.
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| Mendenhall, Laura S.,
"Adoption," sermon, Journal for Preachers, 2001.
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| Okamoto, Joel P., "Homiletical Helps on the LSB
Series C - Old Testament / A - Epistles," Concordia Journal,
2007. (Section on this text begins on page 398.)
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| Siker, Judy Yates,
"Unless You Become Like Children..." The Living Pulpit, 2003.
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| Smith, Michael J.,
"The Role of the Pedagogue in Galatians," Bibliotheca Sacra,
2006.
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| Reviews:
|
Review:
Marc Rastoin, Tarse et Jérusalem: La Double Culture
de l'Apotre Paul en Galates 3,6-4,7. Editrice Pontifico Istituto Biblico,
2003. Review (in English) by Stephan Witetschek, Review of Biblical
Literature, 2005. |
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| Sermons:
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"Adoption,"
Sermons from Seattle,
Pastor Edward F. Markquart, Grace Lutheran Church, Seattle,
Washington. |
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| With Children: |
| Drama:
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| Graphics & Bulletin Materials:
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Clip Art,
Galatians 4:4-5, Fr. Richard Lonsdale, Resources for Catholic Educators. |
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| Hymns and Music:
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| Fine Arts Images Linked at The Text This Week's
Art Index: |
| Study Links and Resources for the Book of Galatians |
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