Acts 2:1-21

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• Reading the Text:
  • NRSV (with link to Anglicized NRSV) at Oremus Bible Browser.
  • Greek Interlinear Bible, ScrTR, ScrTR t, Strong, Parsing, CGTS, CGES id, AV.
  • The Bible Gateway: NIV, NASB, CEV, The Message, KJV, etc.
  • The Blue Letter Bible. KJV, alternate versions, Greek text with concordance, commentaries.
  • The World Wide Study Bible includes commentary & sermons.
• Historical References, Commentary and Comparative Texts:
  • Comparative World Scriptures from United Communities of Spirit: Born Anew
  • Chapter VII, Adversus Judaeos, Tertullian (c. 198)
  • Chapter XXV, On Prayer,  Tertullian (c. 199)
  • Chapter LXIII, On the Resurrection of the Flesh,  Tertullian (c. 211)
  • Chapter VI, Chapter IV, Chapter VIII, Chapter LXIII, Against Marcion, Tertullian (c. 212)
  • Sermon for Pentecost Sunday, Acts 2:1-13, Martin Luther, c. 1525.
  • From the Geneva Notes.
    • "By this we understand that the apostles were not speaking one language and then another by chance at random, or as eccentric men used to do, but that they kept in mind the languages of their hearers: and to be short, that they only spoke as the Holy Spirit directed them to speak."
  • From Matthew Henry's Commentary.
    • "And notwithstanding differences of sentiments and interests, as there were among those disciples, let us agree to love one another; for where brethren dwell together in unity, there the Lord commands his blessing."
  • From Wesley's Notes.
    • "The miracle was not in the ears of the hearers, (as some have unaccountably supposed,) but in the mouth of the speakers. And this family praising God together, with the tongues of all the world, was an earnest that the whole world should in due time praise God in their various tongues."
  • From the Commentary on the Whole Bible (Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, 1871).
    • "...'disparted tongues'. that is, tongue-shaped, flame-like appearances, rising from a common center or root, and resting upon each of that large company:--beautiful visible symbol of the burning energy of the Spirit now descending in all His plenitude upon the Church, and about to pour itself through every tongue, and over every tribe of men under heaven!"
  • From The People's New Testament, B.W. Johnson, 1891.
    • "To be filled implies that the human spirit within was overwhelmed by, or immersed in, the Holy Spirit. The baptism of the Spirit was not a sprinkling, but an outpouring that overwhelmed the human spirit."
• Contemporary Commentary, Studies, and Exegesis:
  • Commentary, Acts 2:1-21, Richard Jensen, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2009.
    • "Today, many of the fast-growing churches in the global south exhibit these marks of healings and works of social justice. The church always works for the good of the whole community."
  • Commentary, Acts 2:1-21, David Bartlett, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2008.
    • "It is fine to preach on this text as the story of the birthday of the church. We want to remember, however, that for Luke the church is not the end of the story."
  • Comments (commentary) and Clippings (technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican Diocese of Montreal.
  • "First Thoughts on Passages on Year B Epistle Passages in the Lectionary," Pentecost B, William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia.
    • "Luke invites us to play and play we should - he has set the scene. Let's run riot with symbolism. He did. And in doing so the key is not to lose connection with what and who is being celebrated."
  • "Spirit for All," Kate Huey, Weekly Seeds, iucc.org, 2009.
    • "Which of our conventions could stand a little bursting, or a lot? Do we feel like we are 'new wine,' ready to burst old wineskins?"
  • "Female Preaching in Early Nineteenth-Century America," study guide, Robert B. Kruschwitz, (other resources at) "Women and the Church," Christian Reflection, The Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University, 2009. Focus article: "Women in Ministry: Beyond the Impasse," Catherine A. Brekus.
  • Holy Textures, Understanding the Bible in its own time and in ours, John Acts 2:1-21, David Ewart, 2009.
    • "Unfortunately, unlike the story of Babel, this story does not contain within it any cautionary tale against human hubris. It is absolutely crucial in reading this text aright to truly pause and ponder the question asked in verse 12, 'What does this mean?'"
  • Lectionary Commentary, Acts 2:1-8, Gary V. Simpson, The African American Lectionary, 2009.
    • "We are called by the circumstance of the Church’s birth to wrestle with the language we use to communicate the gospel so that our experiences are more than mere personal jubilation."
  • "Euphoric with Hope," Blogging toward Sunday, Nanette Sawyer, Theolog: The Blog of The Christian Century, 2008.
    • "Though humans crucify, God resurrects. Though humans divide and dominate, God communicates. God has the last word, and the word is wild."
  • Acts 2:1-21, Acts and the Easter Season, Donald Juel, Word & World Texts in Context, Luther Northwestern Theological Seminary, 1985.
  • "'These people are not drunk as you suppose, (Acts 2:15)," William Loader, Being the Church Then and Now: Issues from the Acts of the Apostles.
    • "In advance of the day when the great vision would be fulfilled, God would already send the Spirit, the gift traditionally expected in the last days according to Jewish expectation."
  • "Pentecost: The Day of the Lord," Carl A. Volz, Word & World, 1990.
    • "According to Jewish tradition, the Israelites arrived at Mt. Sinai fifty days after leaving Egypt, so the festival of Weeks (Pentecost) came to commemorate the giving of the law."
  • "God in Us," Preacher's Magazine, 2006: Listening to the Text, Engaging the Text, Preaching the Text.
  • "Fire in the Dark," Mark Harris, The Christian Century, 2005.
    • "Pentecost, however, is not an event to be wished for lightly. The Spirit is somewhat cranky and given to its own thing."
  • "Confused by Clarity," Expository Essay, Acts 2:1-21, Dr. William R. Long. Part 2.
  • "Coming into Focus," Bill O'Brien, The Christian Century, 2003.
    • "The body of Christ receives and shares the same gift that the disciples received."
  • "Windblown," commentary by Jim Callahan, The Christian Century, 2000. At Religion Online.
    • "It has taken me a lifetime of what Dorothy Day called 'the long loneliness' to discern the power and the simplicity of that most comforting of words. They turn out to be a power definition: Joy is something that sorrow turns into."
  • "The Unruly Spirit," Beverly R. Gaventa, The Christian Century, 1993.
    • "The coming of the Spirit signals nothing less than the beginning of the eschaton, its invasion of the world and its bid for the worlds people."
  • "The New Age of the Spirit," Ronald Goetz, The Christian Century, 1990. At Religion Online.
    • "The descent of the Spirit signaled an unprecedented condition in which personal salvation and the imposition of the politics of the kingdom of God on the world political scene were but two sides of the same coin."
  • "Filled with the Holy Spirit," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources. Includes detailed textual notes.
  • "Putting Pentecost in Perspective - Part 1 (Acts 2:1-13)," by Robert Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
    • "The 'coming' of the Holy Spirit is very much like the account of the birth of our Lord in Luke."
  • "Putting Pentecost in Perspective - Part 2 (Acts 2:1-13)," by Robert Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
    • "In a manner very similar to the 'filling' of the Old Testament personalities, there were a number of people who were described as being filled with the Holy Spirit..."
  • "Putting Pentecost in Perspective - Part 3 (Acts 2:1-40)," by Robert Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
    • "To the threat of eternal judgment is God’s offer of salvation, to all who will 'call upon the name of the Lord.' By admitting your sin, and by trusting in Jesus of Nazareth as God’s Messiah and your Savior, you will be forgiven, receive the gift of the Holy Spirit, and look forward to the coming kingdom of God and all of its blessings."
  • "The Pentecostal Experience: A Study in Acts 2," by Lehman Strauss at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
    • "Pentecost, then, was the anniversary of the law. The law was given expressly to Israel, but the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost was to indwell each believer, whether Jew or Gentile."
  • "Pentecost: Before and After," Richard B. Gaffin, Jr., in Kerux: The Online Journal of Biblical Theology (Reformed).
    • "The blessings of salvation that the New Testament believer enjoys—regeneration, justification and all the rest—flow from and are tied to union with the exalted Christ. That cannot be said of Abraham and the rest of the remnant according to grace during their pilgrimage on earth. Our union-privilege, I take it, is et the hears of the "something better" planned by God for old as well as new covenant believers, "so that only together with us would they be made perfect" (Heb. 11 :40)."
  • "First Thoughts on Year C First Reading Acts Passages from the Lectionary," Pentecost, William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia. (Same as Year A.)
    • "Like a movie director, Luke creates a scene with wind and fire. The scene is a commentary on the whole movie to follow. The God of Sinai and the Law is acting again."
• Articles & Background:
  • The Work of the Holy Spirit, General Assembly United Presbyterian Church, USA, 1970.
  • "Speaking in (the World's) Tongues," Wes Howard-Brook, Living the Word, Sojourner's, November-December 2000.
    • "As long as we keep to this bottom line, we are free, indeed compelled, to adapt our language to the ears of those who may choose to listen to our proclamation of good news."
  • "Hot-House Ecclesiology," Letty M. Russell, The Ecumenical Review, 2001.
    • "Although women love the church deeply and are the majority of the members in most congregations, there are many women in all parts of the world for whom the church is not a safe space."
  • In the Power of the Spirit, ed by Dennis A. Smith and Benjamin F. Gutierrez. The Pentecostal challenge to historic churches in Latin America, prepared by 17 historians, theologians and sociologists of religion from the region. Full text book at Religion On-Line.
  • "The Holy Spirit," Michael Welker, Princeton Theological Seminary. Theology Today.
    • "The one upon whom Yahweh's spirit rests is described as one who executes justice and righteousness in favor of the lowly and the poor, and who precisely in that manner acquires great power, who precisely in that manner builds strong loyal attachments."
  • "Pluralism and Christian Commitment," Lamin Senneh, Theology Today, 1988.
    • "In the early centuries, the new Christian religion moved forward like an oriental caravanserai, with its complex baggage of exotic teachings, baffling mysteries, and an eclectic ethical code. In the jumble and tumble of social encounter, Christians spoke a bewildering variety of languages... Christian missionaries assumed that since all cultures and languages are lawful in God's eyes, the rendering of God's word into those languages and cultures is valid and necessary... Far from suppressing indigenous cultures, the effect of missionary translation has been to stimulate indigenous renewal."
  • "Aspekte Biblischer Theologie dargestellt an der Verwendung von Ps 16 in Apostelgeschichte 2 und 13," Wolfgang Fenske, Biblica 83, 2002. (Abstract in English.)
    • "The question of whether the OT should be understood from the perspective of the NT or vice versa becomes irrelevant, for from the perspective of appropriating texts what counts is that the reading of one text influences the interpretation of another."
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  • Adams, Joanna M., "Us," The Christian Century, 1994. (Sermon)
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  • Beale, G.K., "The Descent of the Eschatological Temple in the Form of the Spirit at Pentecost, Part 1," Tyndale Bulletin, 2005.
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  • Beale, G.K., "The Descent of the Eschatological Temple in the Form of the Spirit at Pentecost, Part 2," Tyndale Bulletin, 2005.
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  • Brinkman, J.A., S.J., "The Literary Background of the 'Catalogue of the Nations' (Acts 2:9-11)," The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 1963.
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  • Callahan, Jim, "Windblown," The Christian Century, 2000.
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  • Dawn, Marva J., "Preaching Pentecost Texts: Will Holy Spirit Fire Inflame Again?" Journal for Preachers, 2002.
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  • Enniss, P.C., "God's Odd," Journal for Preachers, 1997. (Sermon.)
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  • Faus, Nancy Rosenberger, "Winds of the Spirit," Brethren Life and Thought, 2005. (Sermon.)
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  • Fernandez, Eleazar S., "Finding a Home in the Belly of the Empire," Semeia, 2002.
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  • Fitzmyer, Joseph A., S.J., "The Ascension of Christ and Pentecost," Theological Studies, 1984.
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  • Gaventa, Beverly R., "The Unruly Spirit," The Christian Century, 1993.
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  • Gilbert, Gary, "The List of Nations in Acts 2: Roman Propaganda and the Lukan Response," Journal of Biblical Literature, 2002.
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  • Goetz, Ronald, "The New Age of the Spirit," The Christian Century, 1990.
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  • González, Justo L., and Catherine G. González, "Babel and Empire: Pentecost and Empire, Preaching on Genesis 11:1-9 and Acts 2:1-12," Journal for Preachers, 1993.
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  • González, Justo L., and Catherine G. González, "The Ins and Outs of Pentecost," Journal for Preachers, 2003.
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  • Guder, Darrell L., "Pentecost and Missionary Preaching in North America," Journal for Preachers, 2002.
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  • Harris, Mark, "Fire in the Dark," The Christian Century, 2005.
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  • Hübner, Hans, "The Holy Spirit in Holy Scripture," Ecumenical Review, 1989.
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  • Jagessar, Michael N., "Wind-Rush: Affirming Diversity; A Pentecost Reflection," Black Theology, 2004.
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  • Jones, L. Gregory, "The Gift and Task of Language," The Christian Century, 1992.
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  • Juel, Donald, "Acts and the Easter Season," Word & World, 1985.
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  • Juel, Donald, "Social Dimensions of Exegesis: The Use of Psalm 16 in Acts 2," The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 1981.
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  • Kershner, Shannon Johnson, "Outside the Walls," Journal for Preachers, 2006. Sermon.
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  • Kim, Eunjoo Mary, "The Holy Spirit and the New Marginality," Journal for Preachers, 2002.
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  • Kim, Jin S., "Evangelism as Parabolic Witness," Journal for Preachers, 2006. Sermon.
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  • Laytham, D. Brent, "The Narrative Shape of Scriptural Authority: Plotting Pentecost," Ex Auditu, 2003.
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  • Lee, Mark, "An Evangelical Dialogue on Luke, Salvation, and Spirit Baptism," Pneuma, 2004.
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  • Lemopoulos, George, "The Icon of Pentecost: A Liturgical Bible Study on Acts 2:1-4," Ecumenical Review, 1990.
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  • Long, Thomas G., "A Night at the Burlesque: Wanderings through the Pentecost Narrative," Journal for Preachers, 1991.
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  • Lowry, James S., "It Was a Warm Day in..." Journal for Preachers, 1995. Sermon.
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  • Macchia, Frank D., "Unity and Otherness: Lessons from Babel and Pentecost," The Living Pulpit, 2004.
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  • Marty, Peter W., "A Conspiracy," The Christian Century, 1996.
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  • Menzies, Glen, "Pre-Lucan Occurrences of the Phrase 'Tongue(s) of Fire,'" Pneuma, 2000.
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  • Merola, Rob, "Radical Reliance," The Christian Century, 2006.
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  • Mitchell, Henry H., "The Holy Spirit: A Folk Perspective," The Living Pulpit, 1996.
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  • Nasrallah, Laura, "The Acts of the Apostles, Greek Cities, and Hadrian's Panhellenion," Journal of Biblical Literature, 2008.
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  • O'Brien, Bill, "Coming into Focus," The Christian Century, 2003.
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  • Ralls, Mark, "Homesick," The Christian Century, 2007.
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  • Rowe, C. Kavin, "Biblical Pressure and Trinitarian Hermeneutics," Pro Ecclesia, 2002.
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  • Russell, Keith A., "At One with the Power: Reflections on the Lectionary Readings for May," The Living Pulpit, 2007. (See also "Atonement," issue focus of The Living Pulpit, 16.2, 2007.)
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  • Russell, Letty M., "Hot-House Ecclesiology: A Feminist Interpretation of the Church," Ecumenical Review, 2001.
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  • Sánchez, M. Leopoldo, "Homiletical Helps on LSB Series A - Epistles," (Acts 2:1-21 begins on page 97), Concordia Journal, 2008.
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  • Sanneh, Lamin, "Pluralism and Christian Commitment," Theology Today, 1988.
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  • Schott, Faye E., "Acts 2:1-21, Between Text & Sermon," Interpretation, 1996.
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  • Siker, Judy Yates, "That Unsettling Holy Spirit," The Living Pulpit, 2004.
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  • Sleeper, C. Freeman, "Pentecost and Resurrection," Journal of Biblical Literature, 1965.
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  • Taylor, Barbara Brown, "God's Breath," Journal for Preachers, 2003.
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  • Tiede, David L., "Expository Article, Acts 2:1-47," Interpretation, 1979.
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  • Tisdale, Leonora Tubbs, "The Wind That Blows the Doors Off," Journal for Preachers, 2003.
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  • Treier, Daniel J., "The Fulfillment of Joel 2:28-32: A Multiple-Lens Approach," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 1997.
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  • van der Horst, Pieter W., "Hellenistic Parallels to the Acts of the Apostles (2.1-47)," Journal for the Study of the New Testament, 1985.
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  • VanderKam, James C., "Covenant and Pentecost," Calvin Theological Journal, 2002.
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  • Volz, Carl A., "Pentecost -- The Day of the Lord," The Christian Century, 1990.
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  • Wagenaar, Hinne, "Babel, Jerusalem and Kumba: Missiological Reflections on Genesis 11:1-9 and Acts 2:1-13," International Review of Mission, 2003.
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  • Wedderburn, A.J.M., "Traditions and Redaction in Acts 2:1-13," Journal for the Study of the New Testament, 1994.
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  • Welker, Michael, "The Holy Spirit," Theology Today, 1989.
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  • Willimon, William H., "'Everyone Whom the Lord our God Calls': Acts 2 and the Miracle of Pentecost Preaching in a Multicultural Context," Journal for Preachers, 2002.
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  • Willimon, William H., "Taking It to the Streets," The Christian Century, 1991.
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• Reviews:
• Sermons:
  • "Ladies and Gentlemen, Start Your Engines," the Rev. Dr. James B. Lemler, Day 1, 2008.
  • "Nothing But Fire Kindles Fire," Pastor Edward F. Markquart, Grace Lutheran Church, Seattle, Washington.
  • "When Pentecost Ends Too Soon," the Rev. Barbara K. Lundblad, Day 1, 2005.
  • "Imagination and Transformation: Self, Culture, Church," Fr. Patrick Brennan, 30 Good Minutes, Chicago Sunday Evening Club, 1998.
  • "The Day Heaven Burst Open," the Rev. Grace Imathiu, Day 1, 1999.
  • Pacific School of Religion Chapel Sermon, October 20, 1998, Hubert G. Locke, Chair of the PSR Board of Trustees.
• With Children:
  • "The Holy Spirit," Illustrating the Story (lessons, children's sermons), coloring pages, activity sheets, crafts, children's songs. MSSS Crafts.
  • "Like a Puppet on a String," "Strength Together," and "It's Not Plugged In," Talks to Children, Rev. Donald McCorkindale, Dalgety Parish Church, Fife, Scotland.
  • "Pentecostal Power," Charles Kirkpatrick, Sermons4kids.com.
  • "Strange and Miraculous!" Linda Edwards, The Children's Chapel.
  • "Jesus' Promise Comes True with the Outpouring of the Holy Spirit," Sunday School Lessons: Family Bible Study, art projects, music, stories, etc.
  • "Pentecost," Jim Kerlin, childrensermons.com.
  • "The Day of Pentecost," children's study, puzzles, coloring sheet, etc. Higher Praise Christian Center.
  • Acts 2 Word Search, Don Crownover's Bible Puzzles.
• Drama:
  • "Pentecost Rap," Nick Clarke, dramatix.
  • "Pentecost," Jane and Mark Lewis, Potted Jam.
  • "Radio Zion FM," Jane and Mark Lewis, Potted Jam.
  • "Fire On Earth," from A Certain Jesus by Jose Ignacio and Maria Lopez Vigil. Ideal for catechetical and liturgical dramatization of today's gospel. Claretian Publications.
• Graphics & Bulletin Materials:
  • Clip Art, Acts 2:2, Fr. Richard Lonsdale, Resources for Catholic Educators.
  • Acts 2, at Cerezo Barredo's weekly gospel illustration. Liberation emphasis.
  • Images for this week's readings, Pitts Theology Library Digital Image Archive.
  • Clip Art: The First Pentecost, Julius Schnoor von Carolsfeld woodcuts, World Mission Collection, Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod.
  • Commercial Site: The Work of the People - Acts 2 / Joel 2 - Films/Visual Liturgy based on RCL texts.
• Hymns and Music:
  • Contemporary/Praise Song suggestions, Together to Celebrate, David MacGregor.
  • Hymns with Scripture Allusions: Acts 2:1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 17, 20. The Cyber Hymnal.
  • "Your Love in Every Tongue," Brenton Prigge, NewHymn, a new, relevant hymn set to traditional tunes.
  • Hymnal Scripture References, The Lutheran Hymnal, Lutheran Worship.
• Fine Arts Images Linked at The Text This Week's Art Index:
  • Pentecost
• Study Links and Resources for the Book of Acts