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Judges 4:1-7
 | Reading the Text:
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NRSV (with link to Anglicized NRSV) at Oremus Bible Browser. |
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The Bible Gateway: NIV, NASB, CEV, The Message, KJV, etc. |
| The Blue
Letter Bible. KJV, alternate versions, Hebrew text with concordance,
commentaries. |
| The World
Wide Study Bible includes commentary, exposition and sermons. |
| Shoftim
4: Massoretic, Hebrew, JPS. |
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| Historical References, Commentary and
Comparative Texts:
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I.21, Stromata,
Clement of Alexandria (c 200) |
| From the Geneva Notes. |
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Rashi's Commentary, c. 1075. chabad.org. |
| From
Matthew Henry's
Commentary.
 | "Those who in God's
name call others to their duty, should be ready to assist them in it." |
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| From
Wesley's Notes.
| "...the word prophets or
prophetesses is ambiguous, sometimes being used of persons
extraordinarily inspired by God, and endowed with the power of working
miracles, and foretelling things to come; and sometimes of persons
endowed with special gifts or graces, for the better understanding and
discoursing about the word and mind of God." |
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| From the
Commentary on the Whole Bible
(Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, 1871).
| "And Deborah, a
prophetess--A woman of extraordinary knowledge, wisdom, and piety,
instructed in divine knowledge by the Spirit and accustomed to interpret
His will; who acquired an extensive influence, and was held in universal
respect, insomuch that she became the animating spirit of the government
and discharged all the special duties of a judge, except that of
military leader." |
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| Contemporary Commentary, Studies, and Exegesis:
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Commentary, Judges 4:1-7, Ralph W. Klein, Preaching This Week,
WorkingPreacher.org, 2008.
| "Deborah is among the most
prestigious female leaders in the Old Testament and her exemplary
leadership may provide encouragement to lay and ordained female
leaders in the church today." |
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Comments
(commentary) and
Clippings
(technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican
Diocese of Montreal. |
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The Old Testament Readings:
Judges 4:1-7. Weekly Comments on the Revised Common
Lectionary, Howard Wallace Audrey Schindler, Morag Logan, Paul Tonson, Lorraine Parkinson, Theological Hall of the Uniting Church,
Melbourne, Australia.
| "...we are aware again
that contrary to the usual (male) expectations, the Lord works his plans
on his own, often unexpected, terms, and often in ways that directly
confront the less than righteous agendas we sometimes bring to the task of
serving the Lord." |
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Judges 4,
Pentecost 27, Commentary, Background, Insights from
Literary Structure, Theological Message, Ways to Present the Text. Anna
Grant-Henderson, Uniting Church in Australia.
| "The fact that we have two accounts of
Deborah would appear to attest to a person who was well know for her story
to be kept alive through the oral tradition via the epic song, and used as
well in this very highly formulated account of the period of the judges." |
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Desert Scribblings, Judges 4:1-7, Geoff McElroy, 2008.
| "How are we contributing to these
problems through "ungodly" living? That is, living in ways that are
not in harmony with God, with each other, and with the rest of
creation?" |
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"Called Out, Not Left Out," study guide, Robert B. Kruschwitz, (other resources at)
"Vocation," Christian Reflection, The Center for Christian
Ethics at Baylor University, 2004. |
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Judges - Deborah,
The Woman's Bible, Elizabeth Cady Stanton. |
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"Sit On It," Talitha Arnold, The Christian Century, 2002.
| "Leaders need wisdom and courage and
can't find those qualities if they're always out front leading the charge.
Sometimes they need just to sit." |
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| "The
Role of Women in the Book of Judges," by Hampton Keathley IV at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
| "By
the end of this story, we see that Israel has taken a step backward in
terms of male leadership. Fortunately, two women rose to the occasion to
compensate for the men’s weakness." |
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| Articles & Background:
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"By
the Hand of a Woman: The Metaphor of the Woman Warrior in Judges 4,"
Gale A. Yee,
Women, War, and Metaphor: Language and Society in the
Study of the Hebrew Bible, Semeia 61:
An Experimental Journal for Biblical Criticism, 1993. |
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"The Choice to Serve God
and Assist His People: Rahab and Yael," Elie Assis, Biblica,
2004. |
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"The Big Sleep:
Strategic Ambiguity in Judges 4-5 and in Classic 'Film Noir'," Eric S.
Christianson, SBL Forum, 2005. |
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| Articles in
ATLAS Journals. (Direct link when you are
subscribed and logged in to
ATLASerials online collection of Religion and Theology Journals.):
| Ackerman, Susan,
"Why Is Miriam Also among the Prophets? (And is Zipporah among the Priests?"
Journal of Biblical Literature, 2002.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Amit, Yairah,
"Judges 4: Its Contents and Form," Journal for the Study of the Old
Testament, 1987.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Arnold, Talitha,
"Sit on It," The Christian Century, 2002.
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PDF |
| Brenner, Athalya,
"A Triangle and a Rhombus in Narrative Structure: A Proposed Integrative
Reading of Judges 4 and 5," Vetus Testamentum, 1990.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Christianson, Eric
S., "The Big Sleep: Strategic Ambiguity in Judges 4-5 and in Classic
film noir," Biblical Interpretation, 2007.
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PDF |
| Fewell, Danna
Nolan and David M. Gunn, "Controlling Perspectives: Women, Men, and the
Authority of Violence in Judges 4-5," Journal of the American Academy
of Religion, 1990.
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PDF |
| Hackett, JoAnn,
"Violence and Women's Lives in the Book of Judges," Interpretation,
2004. (See also entire issue:
Violence in the Bible, Interpretation, 2004.)
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PDF |
| Halpern, Baruch,
"The Resourceful Israelite Historian: The Song of Deborah and Israelity
Historiography," Harvard Theological Review, 1983.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Leneman, Helen,
"Re-visioning a Biblical Story through Libretto and Music: Debora a
Jaele by Ildebrando Pizzetti," Biblical Interpretation, 2007.
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PDF |
| Na'aman, Nadav, "Literary and
Topographical Notes on the Battle of Kishon (Judges 4-5)," Vetus
Testamentum, 1990.
Image Browse -
PDF |
| Yee, Gale A., "By the Hand of a
Woman: The Metaphor of the Woman Warrior in Judges 4," Semeia,
1993.
Image Browse -
PDF |
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| Reviews: |
| Sermons:
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| Hymns and Music: |
| Fine Arts Images Linked at The Text This Week's
Art Index: |
| Movies scenes with the following themes,
listed at The Text This Week's Movie Concordance: |
| Study Links and Resources for the Book of Judges |
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